<p>Lackawanna Terminal is a small shopping mall in Montclair, Essex County, New Jersey, United States, originally built as a railroad station in 1913 on the Montclair Branch of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The station building was built of brick, and followed a Grecian-Doric style of architecture. The station had six tracks, and electric service began in 1930. It and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 8, 1973.</p><br>
<p>The station closed in 1981, and was replaced by the Bay Street station two blocks to the east as the first stage of the building of the Montclair Connection, forming the modern Montclair-Boonton Line. The building was then converted into its current form. The adjacent Grove Street Bridge, a reinforced concrete overpass spanning the terminal tracks with enclosed stair connections to the platforms, was demolished and replaced with an at-grade street. Until April 2015, the structure was occupied by a Pathmark supermarket store and several fast food service establishments and several low-end clothing retailers, but in the wake of announced plans to alter the building&#39;s "character" by allowing the leases of current tenants to lapse without renewal and to seek out a different and more high-end quality of commercial tenant, the terminal now stands mostly vacant.</p><br>
<p>Essex County Jail is a jail located in the University Heights section of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1991. The jail was abandoned in 1970 when a new county jail was built. The jail is Essex County&#39;s oldest public building. The grounds are located adjacent to the Norfolk Street station of the Newark Light Rail.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original building was designed by architect John Haviland and was built in 1837 at the corner of Newark and New Streets. John Haviland was an established prison architect at the time who was most notable for Eastern State Penitentiary. The Morris Canal ran adjacent to the jail and formed the back of the property line. When the building was first built it was known as the Newark Street Jail. The jail was built to replace an earlier structure that was located at the corner of Broad and Walnut Streets and is the present site of the Grace Episcopal Church. The jail consisted of a two story square building built of brick and local brownstone in the Greek Revival style. In 1890, the original building was expanded with multiple additions increasing the number of prison cells up to 300. The building was also updated to include running water and toilet facilities in each cell. The building served as Essex County&#39;s main jail until 1970 when a new jail was built. In 1991, scenes for the film Malcolm X were shot at the jail.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>The building was severely damaged by fire in 2001. A new science park is planned for the site. The design called for demolition of the remaining parts of former jail, but the citys landmarks committee, which seeks to have it restored, rejected the plan in 2010. The jail is rapidly decaying and many sections have already fallen down. In particular, The Wardens House, which dates from 1837, has collapsed due to lack of maintenance. Other sections will have to be demolished if the prison is ever rehabilitated.</p><br>
<p>In July 2017, Rutgers Law School applied to de-register the facility from the National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places, de-registering the site would allow the demolition of the jail to go forward.</p><br>
<p>New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building, is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1929 by the New Jersey Bell Telephone Company and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 21, 2005. The art deco building was designed by Ralph Thomas Walker of the architectural firm Voorhees, Gmelin, and Walker. The buff brick and sandstone façade is decorated with pilasters created by sculptor Edward McCartan. Since the building&#39;s opening, soft orange lights have bathed its upper floors at night.The building is 20 stories and 275 ft tall. The building later became headquarters for Verizon New Jersey, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold in 2017 to be converted to residential high-rise.</p><br>
<p>Dalzell House is a historic house in Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located to the south of the town, on the north bank of the River Clyde. At its core is a 15th-century tower house, with extensive additions built during the 17th and 19th centuries. In the 1980s the house was restored and divided for sale as eighteen private apartments, while the surrounding Dalzell estate is now owned by North Lanarkshire Council. The house is protected as a Category A listed building, and the grounds are listed on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 15th- or early 16th-century tower house was built by the Dalzell family, who acquired these lands in the 13th century. Thomas de Dalzell fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Sir Robert Dalzell forfeited the lands in around 1342, for residing in England without the King&#39;s consent, but they were restored through marriage in the 15th century. Another Sir Robert Dalzell was created Lord Dalzell in 1628, and his son was further elevated as Earl of Carnwath in 1639.</p><br>
<p>In 1645 the Earl of Carnwath granted the Dalzell estate to his nephew James Hamilton of Boggs, who built the first major extensions to the tower house, adding the south wing around 1649. By 1750, avenues of trees had been laid out in the grounds, probably the work of Archibald Hamilton, 4th of Dalzell. The 7th Hamilton laird, another Archibald Hamilton, entered into a venture with the reformer Robert Owen. An attempt was made to build a model settlement at the Hamiltons&#39; nearby property of Orbiston, but this proved an expensive failure.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century the family&#39;s fortunes were enhanced by the Lanarkshire coal mining boom, and in the 1850s John Hamilton (1829–1900), a Liberal politician later ennobled as Baron Hamilton of Dalzell, commissioned a major remodelling of the house. Architect Robert William Billings carried out extensive restorations to the earlier buildings, and added a new north wing. Billings had recently published The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland (1852), four volumes of engravings of Scottish architecture, and he drew heavily on this source material in his work at Dalzell. He lived at Dalzell for three years while overseeing the works. Andrew Cassels, a local man, undertook work on the gardens and grounds, possibly supervised by Billings. The south wing was also restored in 1869, following a fire. Lord Hamilton served in the government of William Gladstone, who visited Dalzell on several occasions, and the Prince and Princess of Wales visited in 1888.</p><br>
<p>On the death of the 2nd Baron in 1952, the property was sold out of the Hamilton family. Part of it was used as Gresham House Boys Boarding school from 1954 until 1967, when it was purchased by Motherwell and Wishaw Town Council. The house then stood empty until the 1980s when developer Classical House renovated the property as a series of 18 private apartments. The interiors retain Billings Jacobean detailing.</p><br>
<p>Passaic Machine Works-Watts, Campbell & Company, is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Historically, Watts Campbell specialized in building steam engines and in rebuilding old machines. In its earlier days, the factory was about twice its current size and even included a metal casting division for factory orders. It was divided into two sections. The section abutting the Passaic River, now demolished, was the metal casting division. The section currently abutting McCarter Highway, still extant, was the metal fabrication division.</p><br>
<p>At its height, it employed over 330 machinists from the local area. It served Newark&#39;s industries and many other factories in the region. Customers ranged from Thomas Edison Labs to Campbell Soup Company. Watts Campbell was not unique in size. Even as late as 1950, many specialized factories surpassed Watts Campbell in size.</p><br>
<h2>Decline</h2><br>
<p>As time passed, Watts Campbell stopped producing steam engines due to prohibitive developments in technology and the decreasing popularity of the Corliss steam engine. The electrification of industry and more efficient generators rendered the Corliss obsolete. After the 1920s, the factory specialized in constructing and repairing specialty machines for local industries.</p><br>
<p>During the 1950s, the factory underwent a restoration that demolished the historic facade and mansard slate roof, paved the dirt floor, and stuccoed the interior. Nonetheless, the interior has remained generally untouched for more than 150 years. The interior houses much machinery that dates from as early as the 1850s. The original wooden roof trusses, windows, and furnishing remain in place.</p><br>
<p>Due to managements inability to upgrade equipment, the factory gradually lost customers due to aging and sometimes outdated machinery. Newark industry had gradually moved away, thereby decreasing Watts Campbells ability to refurbish machinery. It had been in operation for almost 150 years before closing in 2007 due to dwindling numbers of customers. Watts Campbell was one of the last industrial revolution era factories in Newark to close. Currently, Watts Campbell has been repossessed by the City of Newark due to unpaid taxes. After Hurricane Sandy a large portion of the roof collapsed, exposing many of the historic machines to the elements. The factory is now largely unoccupied and in rapidly decaying condition. If not mitigated, the damaged roof is likely to worsen and possibly weaken the entire structure.</p><br>
<p>Watts Campbell is unique for the integrity of its machinery and historical relevance. Nationally, very few factories have remained in the same place, with the same machinery, for over a hundred years. Watts Campbell is one of the last factories remaining in Newark. Almost all its industrial customers are gone, which include the Ballantine Brewery, Murphy Varnish, and Westinghouse. Watts Campbell has a unique, but threatened, collection of historic machinery (claimed to be worth over a million dollars by its current owner, Chad Watts).</p><br>
<p>Most of Watts Campbells records belong to The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. The remaining, less valuable files, belong to former owner Chad Watts or are stored in the vacant factorys filing cabinets. Unfortunately, most of the actual machines sit rusted in the main assembly room or have been scrapped.</p><br>
<p>Restoring Watts Campbell to its former glory is complicated by many factors including...</p><br>
<p>A dispute over property rights - the original factory has been divided, each half with a separate owner. Chad Watts subleased his property to John Sheahan when he was owner. But, when the city of Newark foreclosed on the property for unpaid taxes, it did not evict the tenant.</p><br>
<p>Decay - restoring the factory, although critical, will cost more if decay is not immediately stopped.</p><br>
<p>Local politics - the city government lacks the financial means or interest to preserve Watts Campbell. The city&#39;s may provide an impetus for restoration.</p><br>
<p>The Isaie and Scholastique Martin House at 137 Saint Catherine Street in Madawaska, Maine, is a well-preserved example of an Acadian log house built following traditional regional techniques. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Isaie Martin was the grandson of Francois Martin who, as an 11-year-old, was one of the Acadians deported from Port Royal, Nova Scotia, in 1755. Francois Martin and his family were later among the first families to settle in the Saint John River Valley between the Madawaska and Green rivers, in an area that is still today heavily characterized by Acadian culture and traditions. Most of Francois&#39; sons established farms along the Saint John River during the first three decades of the 19th century, and his grandsons and great grandsons followed suit.</p><br>
<p>The Martin House is composed of two joined log structures, the earlier of which was probably constructed between 1823 and 1844. The house features log construction cloaked by a clapboarded exterior with a steep A-frame dormer with a round arched window, and a generous wrap-around porch. On the interior, the house exhibits some unusual, probably regional, woodworking details and has a type of root cellar once commonly found in Acadian homes, but now rare. With the exception of the replacement of some of the windows, the house retains integrity of location, association, feeling, workmanship, design and materials to the period of significance, which spans the approximate dates of construction, c. 1823 to c. 1860. The house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 for its architectural significance within the context of 19th century Acadian traditions.</p><br>
<p>The Neal Clothing Building is the oldest existing building on the central square of Lima, Ohio, United States. Built before the end of the Civil War, it has been recognized as historically significant as a representative of the city&#39;s earliest period.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>This two-story brick building lies on the northeastern corner of Public Square at the heart of the city. Among its distinctive architectural features are three rounded arch windows with sash panes, metal brackets, and multiple finials. Although some of the facade has been modified, an original metal awning covers the recessed entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>The Neal Clothing Building is the sole surviving building from downtown Limas earliest period, and it appears in even the oldest pictures of the northeastern corner of the square. At this time, the citys economy was dependent primarily on the agriculture of the surrounding countryside. During the 1870s, the citys commerce grew as railroads expanded into the area, and several large commercial buildings, including the still-standing Union Block, were built on Public Square during this time. Further growth occurred after petroleum was found in the citys vicinity in 1885; as Lima&#39;s population grew 300% from 1880 to 1900, the need for larger buildings was apparent, and many ornate commercial structures were erected in the city during this period. As the boom continued into the twentieth century, other significant buildings were erected on Public Square, including the First National Bank and Trust Building.</p><br>
<h2>Historic landmark</h2><br>
<p>In 1982, the Neal Clothing Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its historic architecture. Sixteen other downtown buildings, all newer, were added to the Register at the same time as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area," a collection of architecturally-significant buildings.</p><br>
<p>The David and Elizabeth Bell Boldman House was a private house located at 3339 Canton Center Road near Sheldon in Canton Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The former site of the house is now vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The David and Elizabeth Bell Boldman House was a basilica-style Greek Revival with a two-story center section flanked by single-story wings. The center section had an open, two-story portico with a square Doric column at each end and a triangular pediment above. The bascilica style of Greek Revval house is unique to southeast Michigan, western New York and northeast Ohio, and the two-story portico is relatively rare in the north. The front facade had a center door with two flanking windows surrounded by fluted molding, and two matching windows on the second story. The house was built of wood with a foundation of fieldstone, and portions of hand-hewn log construction were visible in the basement.</p><br>
<h2>The Boldmans</h2><br>
<p>Henry Boldman came to Canton Township from Scotland via New York, one of the first settlers in the township. He built this house around 1835. It was enlarged by his son David Boldman, the establisher of a cheese factory, around 1858. David Boldman was very involved in township government, holding the posts of highway commissioner, constable, and township treasurer multiple times between 1847 and 1875.</p><br>
<p>The David and Elizabeth Bell Boldman House is significant in its reflection of the growing affluence of the area&#39;s settlers and their sense of pride in their improving situation.</p><br>
<p>The Lima Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Depot (also known as the "Lima Train Station" The Lima station is located 261 miles west of Pennsylvania Station in Pittsburgh, PA, 705 miles west of Pennsylvania Station in New York, NY, and 228 miles east of Chicago Union Station in Chicago, IL along the former Pennsylvania Railroads mainline between New York City and Chicago. Limas station was formerly served by the Pennsylvania Railroads legendary flagship Broadway Limited daily passenger trains between New York City and Chicago. The Broadways 16-hour schedule between those two cities set the gold standard in passenger travel, mail, express and parcel service prior to the dawn of widespread airline service and the interstate highway system in the 1960s. As such, celebrities and dignitaries from all over the world once passed through Lima on the Broadway.</p><br>
<h2>Railroad history</h2><br>
<p>Allen Countys first railroad line was built by the Indiana Railroad in 1854 and later subsumed into the Pennsylvania Railroad system. By the early twentieth century, Lima was a transportation center located at the confluence of five major American railroads: Pennsylvania Railroad; Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (a.k.a. B&O); New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad (a.k.a. Nickel Plate Road); Erie Railroad; and Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railroad (a.k.a. DT&I), However, through consolidation of class I railroads and subsequent abandonment and downgrading of redundant lines, the railroad industry in Lima has declined significantly: by the 1990s all passenger train service to Lima was discontinued and the former Pennsylvanias mainline through Lima had been relegated to branch line service by the Norfolk Southern Railway. As a result, Limas Pennsylvania station went vacant, the rest of the citys passenger train stations, freight depots and other railroad buildings had long since been demolished, and by the late 1990s all of the 67-acres of buildings that once housed the Lima Locomotive Works had also been demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>Unlike much of Limas railroad-related structures (e.g., the Baltimore & Ohio, Nickel Plate Road and Erie Railroad train stations and round houses), the Pennsylvania Railroad station has survived in good condition. Its well-preserved historic architecture and its place in local history qualified it for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. One year later, the station was renovated for adaptive reuse: although a new entrance was added and modern restrooms were attached to the stations rear, its historic integrity was little changed, and the yard surrounding the station was kept in its previous state. Working for a Lima business association, the LJB construction company completed the renovation project in May 2004. Today, the station is used as the offices of the customer service center for the Lima utilities department.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office  at 209 East Portage Avenue in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, is an historic building which has served various purposes since its construction in the early 20th century. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1822, Fort Brady was constructed on this site. In 1893, Federal troops abandoned the fort in favor of new location closer to the center of the Soo canal. The old fort site was reserved for the construction of a public building, and was used as a public commons until 1908, when Congress appropriated $150,000 for the construction of this Federal Building.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1909-1910 of limestone from a Bedford, Indiana quarry, using a design by James Knox Taylor, then Supervising Architect of the USA Treasury. It served for decades as a post office and a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, with the court meeting there from 1912 until 1941.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the Sault Foundation for Culture and History acquired the building from the government, which had built a new facility for the courts, and converted it into the River of History Museum. This facility was to preserve and promote "the history of the St. Mary&#39;s River system". On July 1, 2009, the museum relocated, moving its exhibits to a new site. As of 2010, the building was renovated for use as office space as the City Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Federal Building is a rectangular three story limestone Renaissance Revival structure on a raised granite foundation. It measures 64 feet by 103 feet, and is seven bays wide. The first floor is built of smooth coursed limestone with horizontal recessed joints, above which is a carved frieze. On the main facade, the two upper floors are of plain limestone block, with Ionic columns running the full height of the second and third floors, framing the central five-bay fenestration. Slightly receding bats are on either side. An ornamental cornice tops the facade, above which is a low tin hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>The Sidna Allen House is a historic house located near the town of Fancy Gap, in Carroll County, Virginia. The house was built in 1911 for Sidna Allen, brother of Floyd Allen; however, he was arrested soon thereafter for complicity in the courthouse shooting of which his brother was accused, and never again lived there. and</p><br>
<p>On January 27, 1901, when Sidna Allen was 35 years old he got married to Bettie Mitchell. After Sidna and Bettie married, they decided to build a house. According to the book "The Courthouse Tragedy," the whole house was made of the best wood around, and there were 8 rooms in the house. In the book it says, "The floors were of oak, except the floor of our living room, which was white maple." The walls in the house were all plastered. It also says, "In the dining room we used quarter-sawed oak, finished in natural color wainscoting." The roof of the house was made of slate, which back then, all this wood and other materials were very expensive. They had a windmill at the house, and an acetylene generator which is what provided them the lights. The house back in 1911 was worth $13,000.00 and was said to be the most beautiful house in South-West Virginia. But a year later the Hillsville courthouse tragedy occurred and Sidna and his wife had only lived there a year.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the Carroll County Historical Society and is currently closed for restoration.</p><br>
<p>The Parkstein, also called the Hoher Parkstein and Basaltkegel Hoher Parkstein is a well-known local hill and tourist destination in the Steinwald Mountains of central Germany. It lies 10 km northwest of Weiden in der Oberpfalz in the district of Neustadt a.d.Waldnaab and is one of the most popular walking and daytripper destinations in North Upper Palatinate. Around the volcanically-formed hill, which is 595 m above sea level , is the village of the same name, Parkstein. At one time a castle  stood on the summit.</p><br>
<p>The Parkstein is famous for its impressive basalt outcrop. This basalt formation consists of pentagonal and hexagonal columns, up to one metre high, whose shafts extend into the earth to a depth of up to 30 metres. It is part of an old stream of lava that has been exposed at the surface after the softer rock above it had been weathered away over the course of millions of years. The wall of basalt measures 38 metres.</p><br>
<p>Alexander von Humboldt viewed the Parkstein as the "most beautiful basalt cone in Europe".</p><br>
<p>In 2004 it was entered by the Free State of Bavaria as No. 20 on the list of the 100 "most beautiful geotopes in Bavaria".</p><br>
<p>Droescher&#39;s Mill is located in Cranford, Union County, New Jersey, United States. The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 8, 1974. It is the oldest continuously operated commercial building in New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>Also known as the Williams-Droescher Mill, Droescher&#39;s Mill is the last remaining mill on the Rahway River. It was constructed in 1737 by Benjamin Williams as a saw mill alongside a dam. Williams used the flow of the river to turn an undershot water wheel to power his saws. Lumber cut here went into the construction of the first houses built in the area. Shortly before his death in 1779, Williams erected a second building only a few feet from his sawmill for the manufacture of woolens.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, Severin R. Droescher bought the mill and renovated it into the structure as seen today. S.R. Droescher used it to run the Cranford Oil Stone Works where whetstones and oilstones were made.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Ave East and Lincoln Ave West, the road that passes through Cranford and on which the mill sits, was originally part of the Naraticong Trail, a route to the sea of the Unami tribe of the Lenape people. Lincoln Avenue was known as the Old York Road by the 1700s, a colonial road from Elizabeth to Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Aside from the Naraticong Trail, the Great Minisink Trail also passed through Cranford as a traditional Lenape route to collect marine foods at the shore.</p><br>
<h2>The Rahway River and Rahway River Parkway greenway</h2><br>
<p>The mill and surrounding parkland are one of the Cranford landmarks on the Cranford portion of the Rahway River Parkway, which is an almost century-old greenway of parkland that hugs the Rahway River and its tributaries throughout Union County, New Jersey. It was designed in the 1920s by the well-known Olmsted Brothers firm, sons of the eminent landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<p>The Cranford section follows the banks of the meandering Rahway River as it flows south through Lenape Park, Nomahegan Park, Hampton Park, MacConnell Park, Girl Scout Park, the Cranford Canoe Club, Hanson Park, Sperry Park, Josiah Crane Park, Droeschers Mill Park (also known as Squire Williams Park), and Mohawk Park.</p><br>
<p>The "Friends of Rahway River Parkway," a nonprofit group, has been formed exclusively to encourage and advocate for the preservation, restoration and enhancement of the Rahway River Parkway, in accord with the Olmsted design principles inherent in its origins, and to promote appropriate public enjoyment of the Parkway.</p><br>
<p>Alluem Yoga, a yoga studio located in the mill, has organized Rahway River Parkway clean-ups on this stretch of the Parkway greenway at the mill.</p><br>
<p>The Stage House Inn, is located in Scotch Plains, Union County, New Jersey, United States. The inn was built in 1737 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 15, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Through its history, the inn has also been known as Ye Olde Historical Inn, the Stanbury Inn, Ye Olde Tavern, the W.L. Deegans Hotel, Suttons Tavern, and De Bouds Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The inn sat prominently on the Old York Road, where it was a regular stop for stage lines between New York City and Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>It was a primary meeting place for troop messengers and officers during the Revolutionary War; in fact, General Lafayette is known to have stopped at the inn while General George Washington was nearby.</p><br>
<p>When President Abraham Lincoln called additional troops to defend the Union during the American Civil War, rallies were held in the Stage House Inn.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Drake House, is located in Plainfield, Union County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1746 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 19, 1973. It now operated as the Drake House Museum and is the headquarters of the Historical Society of Plainfield, though the building is owned by the City of Plainfield. The most famous piece in the Society&#39;s collection is the painting, "The Death of General Sedgwick" by Julian Scott.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Issac Drake built the home in 1746 for his son Nathaniel Drake on the Old York Road. The original home was a -story building with four rooms and a lean-to kitchen. George Washington stayed at the home during the Battle of Short Hills in 1777. John S. Harberger purchased the home in 1864 and remodeled the building. Harberger&#39;s additions to the building included a mansard roof, ballroom, a 3-story tower in the rear of the building and a turret on the side of the home.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple is a historic Masonic building in Philadelphia. Located at 1 North Broad Street, directly across from Philadelphia City Hall, it serves as the headquarters of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Free and Accepted Masons. The Temple features the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania, and receives thousands of visitors every year to view the ornate structure, which includes seven lodge rooms, where today a number of Philadelphia lodges and the Grand Lodge conduct their meetings.</p><br>
<p>The Temple was designed in the medieval Norman style by James H. Windrim, who was 27 years old at the time he won the design competition. The massive granite cornerstone, weighing ten tons, was leveled on St. John the Baptists Day, June 24, 1868. The ceremonial gavel used on that day by Grand Master Richard Vaux was the same gavel used by President George Washington in leveling the cornerstone of the nations Capitol building in 1793.</p><br>
<p>The construction was completed five years later, in 1873. The interior, designed by George Herzog, was begun in 1887 and took another fifteen years to finish.</p><br>
<p>The bold and elaborate elevations on Broad and Filbert Streets, especially the beautiful portico of Quincy granite, make it one of the great architectural wonders of Philadelphia. The exterior stone of the building on Broad and Filbert Streets is Cape Ann Syenite from Syne in Upper Egypt.</p><br>
<p>On May 27, 1971, the Temple was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. It was cited in its landmark designation as one of the nation&#39;s most elaborate examples of Masonic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Rubers Law is a prominent, conical hill in the Scottish Borders area of south-east Scotland. It stands on the south bank of the River Teviot, between the towns of Hawick and Jedburgh, and south of the village of Denholm. The hill is on the border between the historic parishes of Cavers and Hobkirk, and until 1975 it stood within the historic county of Roxburghshire.</p><br>
<p>Much of the hill is agricultural land with coniferous plantations, and with rough grazing land around the top. A number of routes to the rocky summit of the hill are possible for walkers, from which there is a wide view in all directions. The summit rocks represent the remains of a volcanic vent, formed by a volcanic eruption during the Carboniferous Period, roughly 330 million years ago. On and around the summit are the remains of several historical structures: an Iron Age hill fort, a Roman signal station, and a "nuclear fort" of the Early Middle Ages. Alexander Peden may have preached to illegal conventicles of Covenanters from a place known as "Peden&#39;s Pulpit" among the summit rocks. The poet Dr John Leyden, who was born in Denholm, climbed the hill in his youth, and described it in a poem of 1803.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Law is a common word for a hill in the south-east of Scotland, especially in Lothian and The Borders. It comes from the Anglo-Saxon word hlāw (tumulus or hill). The origin and meaning of the first element of the name, Rubers, is not known.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Rubers Law is a conical hill, elongated in a north-south direction. While it stands in relative isolation, it is linked to Peel Fell by a ridge of high ground, and so forms a northern projection of the Cheviot Hills which straddle the Anglo-Scottish border. It stands on the south bank of the River Teviot and forms a conspicuous landmark from much of Teviotdale. It rises to 424 m and has a prominence of 196 m above the col to its south. This is well in excess of the 150 m prominence needed to classify it as a Marilyn.</p><br>
<p>All sides of the hill drain into the Teviot. The southern and eastern slopes do so via the Rule Water, and the western slopes via the Dean Burn.</p><br>
<p>The summit of the hill is rocky. The summit ridge is surrounded by cliffs 40 to 50 ft high except to the north-east. Two lower rock ridges lie beside it, separated from the summit ridge by large gullies. A plateau stretches round the south and east sides of the summit, and 50 ft lower a natural terrace passes round the hill from the south and east. A chasm splits the cliff above the plateau, and is known as Peden&#39;s Pulpit.</p><br>
<p>From the summit there is a wide view all round, from the Cheviot Hills to the south and east, the Eildon Hills to the north with the Lammermuir Hills in the distance, Hawick to the west with the hills of Liddesdale and Selkirkshire beyond it.</p><br>
<h2>Land use</h2><br>
<p>Most of Rubers Law is agricultural land, divided into a patchwork of fields by dry stone walls and fences, along with strips and patches of coniferous woods. The summit is surrounded by rough grazing pasture. The presence of shooting butts and reports of walkers show that the land is also used for pheasant shooting. A commercial camp site has options for isolated pitches in some of the woods on the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>Borders Abbeys Way crosses the north-east flank of the hill, between Denholm and Bedrule. There are no other recognised footpaths on the hill, but Scottish access rights allow responsible access to the land.</p><br>
<p>From Denholm routes may begin either on Dean Road (south of the village post office) to a track up the hill which begins by an electricity sub-station, or by following the Borders Abbeys Way and then going through Denholmhill Wood. Both routes then continue through (or beside) the strip of woodland leading south. From the end of the woods a well-used path leads to the summit.</p><br>
<p>From the west a farm track leads from Whitriggs Farm part of the way. A number of fields must then be crossed beside another strip of woodland.</p><br>
<p>From the east, near West Lees or the Billerwell road end, routes can follow a track through the trees of West Lees Plantation, or cross a series of fields south of the woods. These routes lead to paths to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Most of Rubers Law is made of red sandstones and other sediments which used to be known as the Upper Old Red Sandstone.</p><br>
<p>This sedimentary deposition was followed by a period of volcanic eruptions which produced a series of basaltic lavas, some of which are now found near Kelso. The summit rocks of Rubers Law were formed within a volcanic vent. There is a small area of volcanic agglomerate, formed in the vent by an explosive eruption of magma from the volcano. The rest of the summit rocks are microgabbro (previously known as dolerite), the remains of a volcanic plug formed from magma which solidified within the vent. Another microgabbro plug is located among the trees of Denholmhill Wood, 2 km north of the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Geodesy</h2><br>
<p>Up to 1919 Rubers Law was the origin (meridian) of the 6 inch and 1:2500 Ordnance Survey maps of Roxburghshire. After that the maps of Roxburghshire were drawn according to the meridian of Lanark Church Spire in Lanarkshire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A number of structures have been built on or around the summit of Rubers Law. The earliest may have been an Early Iron Age hill fort or oppidum, represented by the remains of an outer wall, running at the same level around the hilltop, enclosing an area of 7 acre with a well-marked entrance to the south. No Roman masonry has been incorporated into this wall, suggesting an early date, though it is also possible that it could be the wall of a cattle compound associated with a later post-Roman fort.</p><br>
<p>A Roman signal station on the hilltop may be inferred from the presence of many Roman dressed sandstone blocks on the hill, many decorated with a diamond pattern. The same pattern was found on stones at the Roman site of Castlecary on the Antonine Wall. These leave no doubt that a Roman building once stood on the hilltop, and in that position this could only have been a signal station. A workman digging field drains on the south-east side of the hill in 1863, 400 ft below the summit, discovered a hoard of bronze vessels of Roman age. These included a beautifully decorated handle of a bronze ewer, and the handles, rims and fragments of about a dozen other vessels. These are now held in Hawick Museum.</p><br>
<p>A post-Roman fort, consisting of an inner enclosure or citadel on the summit of the hill, and an annex to the south including the southern rock ridge and the plateau, was built of loose boulders but also incorporated masonry from the earlier Roman building. The citadel measured 235 by and the annex was 300 ft long. The structure is one known as a "nuclear fort" of the Early Middle Ages. A hut circle within the citadel was excavated in 1907 but no remains were found apart from small quantities of charcoal and burnt bones.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th Century Alexander Peden may have preached to a conventicle of Covenanters from a chasm in the cliffs on Rubers Law which is known as Peden&#39;s Pulpit.</p><br>
<p>The restoration of King Charles II of Scotland in 1660 was followed by an attempt to impose Episcopal polity upon the Church of Scotland. The Covenanters were those who vigorously sought to maintain the Kirk&#39;s Presbyterian polity. Ministers ejected from the Kirk, like Peden, preached to illegal conventicles of their followers in the open air between 1660 and 1688.</p><br>
<p>On Easter Day in 2000 another open-air service of worship was held on the summit of Rubers Law. People from Bedrule, Denholm and Minto churches met there to commemorate both the two thousandth anniversary of the birth of Jesus Christ, and earlier Christians who had worshipped in that place. The event is recorded by a metal plate fixed to the summit rocks of the hill. Bedrule church holds a service of worship on Rubers Law each Easter Day.</p><br>
<h2>Poetry</h2><br>
<p>The Scottish romantic poet Dr John Leyden (1775-1811), who was born in Denholm, described going up Rubers Law in his poem Scenes of Infancy (1803).</p><br>
<p>Oft have I wandered, in my vernal years,</p><br>
<p>Where Ruberslaw his misty summit rears,</p><br>
<p>And, as the fleecy surges closed amain,</p><br>
<p>To gain the top have traced that shelving lane,</p><br>
<p>Where every shallow stripe of level green,</p><br>
<p>That, winding, runs the shattered crags between</p><br>
<p>In another passage he described a storm on the hill, and the presence of eagles (known as erne) on it.</p><br>
<p>Dark Ruberslaw, that lifts his head sublime,</p><br>
<p>Rugged and hoary with the wrecks of time!</p><br>
<p>On his broad misty front the giant wears</p><br>
<p>The horrid furrows of ten thousand years</p><br>
<p>His aged brows are crowned with curling fern,</p><br>
<p>Where perches, grave and lone, the hooded Erne,</p><br>
<p>Majestic bird! by ancient shepherds stiled</p><br>
<p>The lonely hermit of the russet wild,</p><br>
<p>That loves amid the stormy blast to soar,</p><br>
<p>When through disjointed cliffs the tempests roar,</p><br>
<p>Climbs on strong wing the storm, and, screaming high,</p><br>
<p>Rides the dim rack, that sweeps the darkened sky.</p><br>
<p>The Phillip and Maria Hasselbach Dingledey House was a private house located at 1638 Haggerty Road, near Westland in Canton Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The house is no longer at its listed location; a small commercial complex now occupies the site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Phillip and Maria Hasselbach Dingledey House was an upright and wing style farmhouse with a relatively unusual double upright. The one-story wing section was located between a two-story front-gabled upright section and a 1-1/2-story front-gabled upright section. The house, constructed in 1881, included Italianate and Greek Revival detail elements. It was made from wood, with clapboard siding, on a rubble stone foundation. The recessed porch on the central wing had columns and brackets under the eaves.</p><br>
<h2>Phillip and Maria Hasselbach Dingledey</h2><br>
<p>Phillip Dingledey was born in Germany in 1831 and came to the United States when he was 15. He first settled in Buffalo, New York, and later came to Michigan. Philip&#39;s first wife died, and in 1861 he married Maria Hasselbach. The couple had a farm on Haggerty Road near palmer Road, but in 1881 they purchased land farther north along Haggerty and built this house. Phillip Dingledey died in 1899 and his wife Maria followed in 1909.</p><br>
<p>Brentmoor, also known as the Spilman-Mosby House in Warrenton, Virginia, is a historic site that was the home of Confederate military leader John Singleton Mosby.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1859 as the residence of Judge Edward M. Spilman, who later sold the house to James Keith, president of the Virginia Court of Appeals. Mosby purchased the property in 1875, only to sell it in 1877 to Confederate general Eppa Hunton. Brentmoor was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and it currently serves as the location for the John Singleton Mosby Museum and Education Center, founded by Patricia B. Fitch in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Brentmoor is a two-story Italianate style house, three bays wide. The central bay is emphasized by a slight projection and a cross gable, with a triple round-headed window on the second floor. A porch extends across the front of the main floor, supported by coupled, bracketed columns. The center-hall plan features a single room to either side of the hall. An ell to the rear contains service rooms. Outbuildings include a brick two-story kitchen and a smokehouse, which surround a courtyard-like space behind the house.</p><br>
<p>C. A. Nothnagle Log House  is a historic house on Swedesboro-Paulsboro Road near Swedesboro in the Gibbstown section of Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. It is one of the oldest surviving log houses in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The oldest part of the house was built sometime between 1638 and 1643 by Finnish settlers in the New Sweden colony, and Scandinavian ironware from the 1590s is still extant around the fireplace. The fireplace, probably built of bricks brought over to North America as ship&#39;s ballast, is asymmetric and placed in a corner of the cabin.</p><br>
<p>The original cabin measures 16 by 22 feet, which indicates that the builders were relatively well off; an average sized dwelling of the period was 12 by 12 feet. It is built of oak logs, and two logs were removable to provide ventilation in the summer. The logs were double dovetailed to provide a close fit, and gravel was pounded between the chinks in the logs. No nails were used in the original construction; hardwood pegs were used as fasteners. There is no ridgepole in the roof. People lived in this part of the house until 1918.</p><br>
<p>A large addition to the original cabin was constructed in the early 18th century. A wooden floor was built over the original dirt floor around 1730. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and is still privately owned. The cabin is opened for tours by appointment through the current owners, Harry and Doris Rink, who reside in the adjoining structure.</p><br>
<p>Casa Font-Ubides , also known as the Residencia Monsanto  is a historic building located on the north side of Castillo Street in Ponce, Puerto Rico, in the city&#39;s historic district. The building dates from 1913. It was designed by the architect Blas Silva. The architecture consists of 19th Classical revival and Art Nouveau architectural styles. The building is of architectural significance for its aggressive incorporation of curvilinear forms and ornaments. The complete preservation of the original architecture of the Monsanto Residence, its unique design amongst the houses of Ponce, and its location within the historic urban core of the city qualify it as one of a series of grand houses and an integral part of the character of Ponce.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Monsanto Residence at Calle Castillo No.34 is an architectural landmark in the city of Ponce. Designed by the well-known architect Blas Silva in 1913, the residence stands out among the great houses of Ponce for its aggressive incorporation of curvilinear forms and ornament. Adapting the curves of the "Art Nouveau" to the persistent Neo-classicism of Puerto Rico and the recently born Creole vocabulary of Ponce, Silva succeeded in creating a movement in architecture which broke away from the traditional forms while remaining within them. The traditional continuous raised verandah along the front facade is broken up into two and twisted out of its usual linearity into the curved forms preserved today. Characteristic of the architecture to abound in Ponce contemporaneous to Castillo 34 is a profusion of aplique, and eclectic combination and juxtaposition of shapes, particularly curvilinear, and a general ostentation of articulation. Blas Silva was probably the most established of the "wedding-cake architects" and was thus sought after mostly by the "nouveau riche" of the period. Silva&#39;s houses are among the richest in Ponce, among which the Monsanto Residence stands put for its circular porches. Other buildings by Blas Silva include the Frau Residence and the Salazar-Candal Residence, both also listed in the NRHP.</p><br>
<h2>Physical appearance and description</h2><br>
<p>The Monsanto Residence, located at 34 Castillo Street, is a one-storey, detached, masonry and stone building on the north side of the street, between Virtud and Salud Streets, in the Ponce Historic Zone. The house consists of plastered masonry at the living level and pinkstone ashlar at the podium. Excessive ornamentation and exuberance of volumes denominates this house as what is known locally as "wedding cake architecture."</p><br>
<p>The facade is organized into three similar bays, each one consisting of a narrow, arched doorway with wooden panel double-doors, stained-glass lights and tiffany-style stained-glass fanlights. The central entrance doors contain wrought-iron panels in curved Art Nouveau lines. Each opening is articulated with intricate, decorative plaster surrounds and flaked with plaster festoon mouldings. In addition, the central entry is crowned with a plaster cartouche displaying the initials of the first owners, PF (Providencia Ubides and Federico Font).</p><br>
<p>A heavily ornamented three-bay facade is shaded by two gazebo-like front terraces. Each bay consists of a series of four Corinthian columns upon pedestals, arranged around a 3/4-circle plan. Decorative wrought-iron railings in curvilinear Art Nouveau designs span between each of the pedestals.</p><br>
<p>Each series of columns supports a cornice with a festooned frieze and a parapet above, decorated with circular-wreath balusters. The cornice wraps around the two porches, connecting the two in a curved pediment motif above the central entrance. Roman amphorae are located above the parapet, one at the location of each column.</p><br>
<p>A second-floor "mirador" or "belvedere" projects upward above the first bay in a baroque manner. The volume is generally cubical in proportions, capped with an upwardly-curving cornice on each of its four sides, thus creating a groin-vault roof and ceiling. A small masonry pinnacle is located above the cornice at each of the four corners of the mirador and a circular oculus with stained glass panels occupies each of the four sides.</p><br>
<p>A curvilinear stair or "stoop" conforms to the space available between the podiums of the two terraces, flowing up to the central entry. Once inside, a long, narrow hallway extends back from the street entry. Parlors and bedrooms open onto the hallway at either side, and the hallway terminates at a grand dining room at rear, with a kitchen at left and a terrace along the entire rear wall of the house. The upper level mirador is accessed by a cast-iron spiral staircase located on the southeast corner of the parlor at bay 1. Characteristic interior features of the house include: decorative native ceramic tile floors, intricate, pressed-tin ceilings in biblical motifs, and skillfully carved wooden fanlights.</p><br>
<p>The Großer Waldstein is part of the Waldstein range in the Fichtel Mountains of Germany. It is known primarily for its rock formations caused by spheroidal weathering, its ruined castles and the only remaining bear trap  in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>The Großer Waldstein is a mountain in the northern part of the Fichtel Mountain Horseshoe. Its summit area is covered by mixed forest with old stands of beech and huge rock piles, and the whole area is a designated nature reserve (20.2 hectare). Marked hiking trails lead from all points of the compass to the mountain, and public roads run from Weißenstadt or Sparneck to the area of the summit. At the top is a lodging house owned by the Fichtelgebirge Club, the Waldsteinhaus, from which there is an interesting walk around the summit area.</p><br>
<p>The Jean Paul Way also crosses the Großer Waldstein. The Kleiner Waldstein and Hoher Stein are other rock formations on the Bergkopf. At the Großer Waldstein the Zellerfels are a rock formation. The source of the River Saale rises at the foot of the Großer Waldstein near Zell im Fichtelgebirge.</p><br>
<h2>Ruins of the Red Castle</h2><br>
<p>To the east, opposite the Waldsteinhaus, rises a massive rock face, on which the remains of the once mighty fortress of Waldstein is perched. The castle is now often referred to as the Red Castle (Rotes Schloss) and for a long time it was assumed that this was because the palace had been covered with red tiles when it was built in the 14th century. This assumption is wrong, however. The name Red Castle came from the fact that parts of the castle ruins were re-roofed during the Spanish War of Succession (1701–1714) in order to build a camp there. It was this new roof that was covered with red tiles, which can still be found around the castle. The term Red Castle was coined by the headmaster of Hof Grammar School (Hofer Gymnasium), Helfrecht, who referred to it as such in his first work published in 1795, because he believed that the castle had always been covered with red tiles. Since almost all later researchers followed suit, the idea became accepted. Only Karl Dietel refuted this incorrect assumption in his work Der Große Waldstein im Fichtelgebirge.</p><br>
<p>Stone steps lead through the castle gate into the courtyard, where there were, at one time, several buildings (the gatehouse, tower and cistern). The castle was built in the 14th century by the lords of Sparneck. In the midsummer of 1523 it was destroyed by the Swabian League. For some time the interior of the Red Castle was placed out of bounds due to massive cracks in the structure, but following renovations in 2008 the ruins are open to the public again.</p><br>
<h2>Devil's Table</h2><br>
<p>In front of the castle gate is the legendary Devil&#39;s Table (Teufelstisch), a massive block of rock shaped like a mushroom that is topped by an oval slab. On the slab of this unique rock deep holes can still be seen, which according to legend, were caused by iron cards, with which the devil played with goblins and ghosts. This assumption is not, of course, based on historical evidence. Instead, the holes were part of a type of pavilion which was demolished in the late 19th century. The only evidence for this is the work of the engraver Gerd Könitzer who, in the middle of the 19th century, made several prints of the Waldstein summit and its various structures.</p><br>
<h2>The former Ostburg castle</h2><br>
<p>In front of the steps up to the Schüssel observation pavilion are the remains of a wall, part of a late Romanesque chapel which belonged to the castle of Ostburg.</p><br>
<p>At the northeastern foot of the Schüssel rock are the remains of the Ostburg itself, built in 1100, but abandoned in 1300 when the new Westburg castle was constructed. The walls of the former keep are still visible on the Schüssel rocks. During excavations several stone-age micro-blades, scrapers, and pierced pendant fragments made of Jurassic chert, which does not occur in the Fichtelgebirge, were found. It is therefore assumed that the summit of the Waldstein was used as a Stone Age staging post. In addition, fragments of pottery and metal objects came to light suggesting that fortifications must have existed here between the 8th and 10th centuries.</p><br>
<h3>The chapel</h3><br>
<p>The former chapel on the summit of the Waldstein was built at the same time as the Ostburg. It was decorated with small wall paintings and stained glass, and housed an altar as well as a holy chamber (Heiligster-Kammer). It was not abandoned with the Ostburg following the construction of the Westburg, but was still being maintained a good 200 years afterwards by the town of Weißenstadt. A number of church festivals of some kind were even held there. The chapel was probably not destroyed until 1430 during the Hussite Wars. During his excavations in the 1960s Karl Dietel found, among the many stone-age implements, a so-called votive cow (Votivrind). It is now believed that this cow was sacrificed to God to protect cows. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the Church was dedicated to Saint Wolfgang, the protector of cattle. Also interesting was the discovery of four graves. One of them was empty, but in the other they found the skeletons of a man, a woman and a child. One of them had the marks of a sharp object above the pelvic bone and the legs were missing. Dietel suspected that the skeletons had been discovered during the construction of an extension of the chapel and the bodies were moved and buried nearby.</p><br>
<h2>The Schüssel</h2><br>
<p>A bowl-shaped depression on the highest rocks of the Waldstein, to which there is a flight of steps, gave the rock its name. This name was transferred to the viewing pavilion, built in 1851 by the master forester, as King Maximilian II of Bavaria had announced his intention to pay a visit but, due to a shortage of time, did not come to the Waldstein. The pavilion was originally painted with blue and white diamonds and the holes glazed. The paint scheme and glass fell victim to the weather and are no longer visible today.</p><br>
<h2>Bear trap</h2><br>
<p>Some 200 m west of the Waldsteinhaus stands a small building once used as a bear trap. It was originally mentioned on 3 April 1656 and is today the only one of its kind in Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Waldsteinhaus</h2><br>
<p>The Waldsteinhaus is an unmanaged lodge in the immediate vicinity of the summit at a height of. It is owned by the Fichtelgebirge Club and is open all year round.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The house was built in 1853 as Waldstein Hospice (Hospiz Waldstein) for a royal forest warden. In 1965 it was taken over by Fichtelgebirge Club and substantially upgraded in 1993.</p><br>
<p>During the Romantic period when there was a great interest in German history, castles and castle ruins were popular destinations. This led to an increase in the number of walkers to such places, who were taken in by "wild romance of the summit of the Waldstein with its rocky summit, its views and its ruins." This resulted in the construction of a welcoming little hunting lodge being built in 1850 on top of the Waldstein in front of the ruins of the Red Castle and Devil&#39;s Table. As the flow of visitors increased "a permanent house was built" to accommodate guests. A woodcutter supplied the necessary beer. In 1853 the state had the Waldstein hospice or Waldsteinhaus built below the ruins and it was occupied by a forest warden. The foundation stone for this lodge was laid on 6 May 1853 and by 8 August 1853 the new building was opened. This hospice had a completely different look from that of the present Waldsteinhaus. It was largely made of wood in an "attractive Swiss chalet style", and was therefore a one-story wooden house. It served simple food and Weißenstadt beer and provided modest accommodation as well. On Sundays in the summer, it is recorded that groups of musicians from Münchberg, Schwarzenbach an der Saale and Hof gave brass band concerts, which were well attended. Then in 1889 the State Forestry Commission had the wooden building completely converted into a two-story brick building. The lower rooms were managed, the upper floor was living accommodation for the forester.</p><br>
<p>The opening of the branch line from Münchberg to Zell in 1902 brought even more walkers and visitors to the Waldstein and the Fichtelgebirge Club had the idea of erecting an extension to the existing Forestry Commission lodge. In 1906 negotiations over the property were held with the state, on 2 May 1907 the notary authorised the purchase of land and, on 21 June 1908, was the finished building was opened. Now, two houses stood side by side on the Waldstein. It was described as a shotgun marriage and from the beginning the forester had the right to run both houses.</p><br>
<p>In 1964 the Forestry Commission lodge housed in the old building was closed and the lodge put up for sale. The Fichtelgebirge Club leased the lodge from the Forestry Commission in Bayreuth and, after protracted negotiations, bought the state-owned part of the house on 27 to December 1965. Now the Club was both owner and occupier of the entire area on the Waldstein summit, its local branch in Münchberg being responsible for upkeep since that time.</p><br>
<p>The last major investment was made by the Club in 1991. First, the Waldsteinhaus was connected to the public sewage system of the municipality of Zell by a 1.9 km long channel. Extensive construction and renovation took place in 1992/1993. The two originally separate houses were joined by a central section, and the entrance, kitchen, toilets and the guest rooms in the old forestry building were redesigned.</p><br>
<h3>Hydraulic ram</h3><br>
<p>The hydraulic ram on the Waldstein, invented by the Montgolfier brothers, has been pumping water for over 60 years without any losses. Remarkably, it operates without any motor or pump, but simply uses the power of the flowing water. It is located one kilometer west, and about 300 metres below, the Waldsteinhaus.</p><br>
<h2>Transmission site</h2><br>
<p>In October 1960, the first turf was cut for the transmitter on the Große Waldstein. In May 1961 the site, built by the former Deutsche Bundespost, whose primary aim was to broadcast ZDF in northeastern Bavaria, went into operation. The antennas were supported on a 47-metre-high steel tube. However, this mast could only cover the area around Hof, so in June 1963 work started on a 133-metre-high, guyed, steel lattice mast (50&deg;7&prime;36&Prime;N latitude, 11&deg;50&prime;42&Prime;E longitude) (25 km south of Hof). This mast, which has platforms for directional antennas at heights of 30, 35 and 60 metres, took over the broadcast of ZDF television programmes in December 1963. Just two months earlier, on 22 October 1963, the former RIAS launched the transmission of its second programme from the Große Waldstein.</p><br>
<p>From 1980 to 1994 RIAS 1&#39;s FM programme was broadcast on 89.3 MHz (20 kW ERP). It was then taken over by Deutschlandradio Kultur.</p><br>
<p>From 1964 to 1992 RIAS 2 was broadcast on 91.2 MHz (20 kW ERP), Deutschlandfunk. Since 1995, Bayerischer Rundfunk has used the frequency from the transmitter on the Ochsenkopf for broadcasting Bayern 1 to the Upper Palatinate.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the following VHF frequencies are used:</p><br>
<p>Radio Euroherz and extra-radio share the frequency 88.0 MHz between them, broadcasting at different times.</p><br>
<p>As DVB-T began broadcasting from the transmission site at Ochsenkopf im November 2008, analogue TV broadcasts by ZDF and Bayerisches Fernsehen from the Großer Waldstein were ended.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Karl Dietel: Der Große Waldstein im Fichtelgebirge. Natur, Gegenwart, Geschichte, Fichtelgebirgsverein Hof 1987, (Das Fichtelgebirge; Band 1)</p><br>
<p>Karl Dietel: Der Große Waldstein im Fichtelgebirge, Saalfrank, Helmbrechts, 1968, (Zwischen Waldstein und Döbraberg; Band 7)</p><br>
<p>Karl Dietel: in: Der Siebenstern, Vereinszeitschrift des Fichtelgebirgsvereins e. V.</p><br>
<p>Ludwig Zapf: Waldsteinbuch, 1886</p><br>
<p>The Szelim cave is located in Hungary, on the Kő-hegy  above Tatabánya , Bánhidai nagy barlang , Eperjes-barlang, Szemi-luki, Szemi-lyuka, Szelimluk barlang, Bánhidai-zsomboly, Szent Vit-barlang). This cave is 45 m long and 14 m tall, which has been carved out of the limestone by an underground stream. The cave the upper triad in the thick benches of limestone the rock North-East-South-West direction his fault line done, but the residue of a source cave, which turned into dry one with the bulge of the mass of the mountain, took shape conforming to the rock tilt once. Four of his entrances a spacious one, initially 25–27 m, drives into a hall with a longitude of 45 m with a width of 10–12 m, the altitude of which attains the 12–14 meters here and there, farther in. The present nadir of the cave the ceiling former from him breaking in and it is follower being washable standing ruin forms it from loess clay coming from and rubble. The cave continues presumably behind the ruin. The cave a prehistoric man proved to be a toft.</p><br>
<p>The stone tools discovered in Szelim cave date to the Upper Paleolithic. The cave is considered a known settlement or hunting camp, as remains have been found of Neolithic man.</p><br>
<h2>The legends of the cave</h2><br>
<p>The basis of exciting historical legend which is in connection with the cave, is that the rain water flowed through the cave&#39;s flue washed away human bones from the soil during centuries.</p><br>
<p>According to the oral tradition the population of 7 neighboring villages escaped to the depth of the earth during the Turkish wars from Szelim sultan&#39;s troops who devastated Transdanubia. Unfortunately, Turkish found the people who hid in the cave and they killed them by the smoke of the bonfire they pour to the opening of the cave.</p><br>
<p>The population of the villages surrounding the refuge being looked for in the cave on the time of the Tartar attacks. When a little boy got thirsty then aloud started crying, his mother took it away the close to a source. The Tartars, who had the woman compelled to reveal the cache of the others, captured them however there.</p><br>
<p>The archeologist of the Hungarian National Museum did an excavation on this area in the 1930s, later stating that the legendary disasters could have happened in a much earlier period, but the sliding memory of the community linked it to an event that happened centuries later.</p><br>
<h2>Pictures</h2><br>
<p>The Coleman Station Historic District is located around the former New York Central Railroad Coleman&#39;s station in the Town of North East, New York, United States, a short distance south of the village of Millerton. It is a rural area including several large farms in the southeastern corner of the town. At almost three square miles , it is the largest historic district entirely within Dutchess County and the second largest in the county.</p><br>
<p>Nine farms were established in the current district by emigrants from New England in the late 18th century. Those farms have since been subdivided and recombined under later owners, but their original boundaries were used to establish the district, a small valley along Webutuck Creek. Over the course of the 19th century they evolved from farms that primarily raised a diverse group of livestock for local and regional markets to dairy farms that used the station and the railroad line that ran through the middle of the district to sell raw milk to New York City. By the middle of the 20th century a corporate farm in the district had become one of the city&#39;s largest milk providers.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 19th century residents of the city began to make country retreats in and around the district. A century later some of them lobbied to create the district and list it on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. One local farm&#39;s resistance to that effort went as far as federal appeals court after lower state and federal courts had negated the creation of the district. Since then some newer farms in the district have used its historic buildings and farms for coffee roasting and low-impact sheep farming, among other.</p><br>
<p>Many of the buildings in the district were erected in the 18th and 19th centuries, with little modification since then. They reflect, in many instances, different phases of agricultural development in the district. Five of these contributing properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is an irregularly shaped area whose boundaries follow either lot lines or the roads in the area. It is bisected by the former railroad right-of-way, now a portion of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail. The US 44/NY 22 highway is its westernmost extent, with a stretch of a half-mile (1 km) in either direction from the Coleman Station Road intersection serving as the southwestern corner line, with the exception of a small newer farm on the east side of the road near the southern end. From there the boundary runs due east to the rail trail, and turns south.</p><br>
<p>After following the rail trail for a thousand feet (300 m), it turns east again and follows lot lines first between fields and then through a large woodlot to Sheffield Hill Road. It turns south and then east, taking in another farm, and then follows the Connecticut state line, following it north to a dirt road along Webutuck Creek. It then follows the creek itself, excluding a large farm along the state line to the east.</p><br>
<p>At Taylor Road it follows the road briefly, then a lot line straight east back to the state line. Just at the southwestern corner of Indian Lake, it follows another lot line east, then north, and then east again at the rear lines of modern houses along Red Cedar Lane. It then curves north along Indian Lake Road to another property line which it then follows west, at the district&#39;s northernmost corner. The boundary turns to the south along this line after roughly 1,200 ft, then returns to its due-west heading for another half-mile, crossing the rail trail and Mill Road at their junction. It turns south at a cleared field in the middle of the woods, then follows lot lines back to routes 22 and 44.</p><br>
<p>Topographically, the 1,812 acre inside this boundary is a bowl through which the creek flows, formed by ridges and plateaus of as high as 900 ft in elevation, and breached by valleys of the Webutuck&#39;s tributaries in the area, and the Webutuck itself at the north end, near the lake. The station area that gave the district its name lies at the low point, around 580 ft. Most of the land is used for agricultural purposes, as fields or pasture, with some areas remaining as woodlots. Because of the clearing, it offers scenic views in every direction, particularly of the Taconic Mountains to the north and east.</p><br>
<p>The nearest settlement to the district is Sharon Valley, Connecticut, one mile to the southeast. Downtown Sharon is just east of Sharon Valley. The nearest New York neighbors are the village of Millerton, four miles (3 km) north, and the hamlet of Amenia three miles (6.4 km) south, along routes 22 and 44.</p><br>
<p>There are a total of 85 buildings, 23 sites and 9 structures within the district, most of them used for farming. Of these 117 resources, all but 29 are contributing properties to its historic character. Four of the farms and one former estate have been individually listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What would become Coleman Station took a long time for Europeans to settle due to land disputes between the colonies of New York and Connecticut. The current boundary was resolved in 1732. Even after settlement began, the pace was slowed by war. In the early 19th century farming finally developed, moving from a diverse pre-industrial agriculture to a more specialized focus on milk production after the railroad and industrialization.</p><br>
<p>Farming survived the decline of the railroads in the late 20th century. Newcomers to the region saw its historic value and fought a precedent-setting court battle in the last years of the century to publicly recognize and preserve it. Since then agriculture in the district has once again begun to diversify.</p><br>
<h3>1731–1771: Early settlement</h3><br>
<p>Tradition has it that the area, like much of the Harlem Valley in eastern Dutchess County, was thoroughly cleared and cultivated by Native Americans before European settlers arrived. That took later than usual due to the land dispute between the colonies of New York and Connecticut. Few settlers built homes in the 150 square miles borderland known as the Oblong until the 1730s, when the two colonies agreed that the Panhandle, where Greenwich, Stamford and New Canaan are now, would be part of Connecticut while New York got the Oblong.</p><br>
<p>The agreement allowed for Connecticut landowners to continue to hold title in the Oblong, in order that they would have an incentive to pay for an overdue survey of the land. Even with these issues resolved, and land apportioned, sold and subdivided, there was still little settlement of the area throughout the mid-18th century. Indians, who had found the area a desirable place to settle while its legal status was unclear, established villages in the area, giving Indian Lake its name. Their presence in the area is recorded as late as the 1750s.</p><br>
<p>Most areas of the Harlem Valley were difficult places to establish farms due to the minimal amount of arable land. The area later to become Coleman Station was an exception. Settlers coming west from New England found its alluvial soil ideal for farming. One family, Nathan Wheeler and his son Elijah, of New Marlborough, Massachusetts, bought over 200 acre, the first of two families by that name to establish themselves in the district, in the early 1760s. Another family, the Collinses, had already settled nearby but bought land in the district to give to their children.</p><br>
<p>The oldest surviving buildings in the district, the farmhouse and barn at the Wheeler-Collins Farm on Coleman Station Road, have been dated to about 1771, shortly after land-transaction records start being kept regularly. Thomas Wheeler of Woodbury, Connecticut, arrived right before the war, the other Wheeler to establish his family there. The other farms were established following independence. By the early 19th century four large farms existed, all linked to Wheelers.</p><br>
<h3>1771–1870: Animal farming</h3><br>
<p>As the New England farmers settled in their new home, under their new flag, their agricultural practices changed. In their home states, under British rule, they had primarily grown wheat for export. In Dutchess County, they began raising a mix of livestock and cash crops for local and regional consumption, building farms that reflected this with buildings and spaces dedicated to different species. They supplemented their farm income with the extraction of raw materials for early industrial production like iron, limestone and peat, from nearby hillsides and bogs.</p><br>
<p>The 1850 census contains the first record of farm production in the district. The farms, about 150 – each, averaged 5–6 cows for milking, with twice that number slaughtered for meat. The former produced 300 – of butter and 150 – of cheese. Sheep were more numerous, about a hundred per farm on average, yielding 200 – of wool each year. They were joined by 20–30 pigs, oxen used as beasts of burden and horses for personal transportation. Most improved land on the farms was used as pasture; cropland was used mostly for animal feed, hay and potatoes.</p><br>
<p>Ten years later, the 1860 census shows a dramatic change in animals raised. Cow herds have gained at the expense of pigs and sheep, and the number of milking cows increased to 10–20, with no change in the crops grown. This reflects the 1852 advent of the New York and Harlem Railroad, the state&#39;s first, into the area, and with it a milk-processing plant in Wassaic to the south. Farmers could now get their milk and products to the growing New York City market, making dairy farming much more profitable.</p><br>
<p>The 1870 census for the first time recorded fluid milk production, with the Coleman Station farmers&#39; herds putting out 10,000 – annually. Farms still produced their own butter in quantity, but left cheese production and its enormous fluid milk requirements to the processing plant. It was the beginning of a shift from the diverse animal farming which had characterized the district earlier in the century to almost exclusively dairy farming, as it is today. Barns grew bigger to accommodate the larger cattle herds and more land was given over to pasture and feed crops.</p><br>
<h3>1850–1923: Conversion to dairy farming and tourism</h3><br>
<p>With the coming of the railroad, local entrepreneur Amasa Coleman lobbied for the construction of the station that would take its name from him and give it to the area. He and Oliver Barrett convinced what was by then the New York Central that a separate stop less than two miles (3 km) north of its Sharon station would help it better serve both the vacationers headed for that town across the state line and the farmers. The station spurred the development of a small commercial center around it, almost vanished today. Indian Lake Road was rerouted to the east side of the line (the original roadbed is still visible near the current overpass) and a rock cut created through the Wheeler-Bassett Farm. In the Great Blizzard of 1888 a five-locomotive plowing team was utterly wrecked when it crashed into snow that had accumulated in the cut.</p><br>
<p>The railroad&#39;s presence led to an old farmhouse, today known as Mutton Hill, at the southeast corner of the district, being renovated for use as country house. It was the only one in the district until 1903 when Thomas Hidden, a recently retired New York City industrialist, bought portions of four of the old farms on Sheffield Hill Road to create his Hiddenhurst estate. He may have chosen the Coleman Station area over the more popular Sharon area to the south since he was interested in raising horses on the property. He built a large stable and indoor training course, neither extant. The ornate neo-Georgian main house is considered to be the most architecturally distinctive property in the district.</p><br>
<p>Two years after Hiddens death in 1918, his estate was purchased by the Sheffield Milk Company, which combined his property with others it had acquired nearby and established a large corporate farm. It demolished Hiddens stable and training facility and erected a large dairy complex on its site along with housing for its workers. A new owner of the Wheeler Farm on Taylor Road around this time renovated its house to attract summer boarders, and distributed a brochure promoting it through the railroad. They may not have been the only ones. The transition of the district from an insular farming community, where agriculture defined residents socially as well as economically, to one in which it was purely a business was now complete.</p><br>
<h3>1923–2000: Preservation and litigation</h3><br>
<p>Change would continue. In the 1950s Sheffield, now one of the largest milk suppliers to New York City, was bought out by the Sealtest conglomerate. Two decades later the railroad, by now the nearly bankrupt Penn Central, ended passenger service along the railroad north of Dover Plains. Freight service continued for another decade, after which the tracks were removed. In 1985 the Ezra Clark House became the first property in Coleman Station to be listed on the National Register. The owners of Hiddenhurst demolished a remaining brick house and carriage house from one of the original farms a few years later, prior to that property&#39;s 1991 listing.</p><br>
<p>Around that time owners of weekend homes and other residents of the area began working for the creation of a historic district around Coleman Station, forming the advocacy group Friends of Coleman Station. Many of them were also concerned about the large-scale composting activities of McEnroe Farms, one of the largest organic farms in the state, which they felt threatened the watershed with potentially toxic runoff from its manure piles and which fouled the air with strong odors. The farm owners and operator feared that historic designation would bring with it local zoning regulations that would limit their activities to an extent that the farm would become less profitable.</p><br>
<p>After the listing on the New York State Register of Historic Places in 1993, the Keeper of the Register at the National Park Service followed with a listing on the National Register two months later. McEnroe successfully petitioned a state court to have the districts creation overturned on the grounds that it was not of sufficient historic importance and that notice of the state designation had been neither timely nor accompanied with written support as required by regulations of the states Historic Preservation Office.</p><br>
<p>The farm also persuaded Judge Robert W. Sweet of the Southern District of New York to void the federal listing as well, alleging violation of the Administrative Procedure Act. A year later, a three-judge panel of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed Sweet. Judge John M. Walker, Jr. wrote for a three-judge panel that both the National Historic Preservation Act and a similar Hawaii case from 1979 gave the Keeper of the Register the authority to act on a listing independently of a state or local body regardless of whether procedural flaws existed in the state process. Nor were McEnroes due process rights violated since the National Register listings only direct effect is to constrain the actions of federal agencies that might affect the listed property.</p><br>
<h3>2000-present: Revitalization</h3><br>
<p>After the creation of the district, Sealtest itself became a brand name of the Canadian conglomerate Agropur. A new agricultural product was added to the district in 1999, when the owners of the Manhattan coffeehouse 71 Irving Place opened a roasting facility in a former carriage house on Reagan Road. They cited the area&#39;s preserved historic character as a major reason for locating there. Since then what is now known as the Irving Farm Coffee Company has expanded both at its original site and to other locations near Millerton. A mother-daughter team has also brought sheep farming back to the district at Dashing Star Farm, the renamed Stephen Wheeler Farm.</p><br>
<p>In the 21st century, the railroad corridor came into use again when the Harlem Valley Rail Trail was created. Metro-North Railroad restored Harlem Line passenger service to a new Wassaic station, at the rail trails southern end. It continues through the district to the old Millerton station. The former Colemans station site is now used as parking for the bicyclists and walkers who use the trail.</p><br>
<p>Friends of Coleman Station continues to be active in preserving and promoting the district. It works out of a small headquarters on Indian Lake Road with research materials that is open to the public by appointment. It maintains the small Coleman Station Burying Ground and the Diana K. Temple Memorial Garden along the rail trail, with native plants, trees and shrubs. Every year it hosts an annual cleanup of the district, with the occasional house and district tour.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Five properties within the district, all farms or former farms, are listed on the Register in their own right. Some other properties not yet judged historically significant to warrant listings of their own are significant enough to merit special mention within the district.</p><br>
<h3>National Register properties</h3><br>
<p>Oliver Barrett House, Regan and Sheffield Hill roads. Probably built in 1853, perhaps with material from an older house, this frame house near the former station site was remodeled in a late Victorian style, particularly inside, in 1915. It i</p><br>
<p>Ezra Clark House, Mill Road. The only brick farmhouse in the district follows New England building traditions despite the local Dutch influence suggested by the material.</p><br>
<p>Dakin-Coleman Farm, Coleman Station Road. This early 19th century farmhouse at one point divided down the middle and shared by two generations.</p><br>
<p>Hiddenhurst, Sheffield Hill Road. Retired paint mogul Thomas Hidden built this ornate neo-Georgian house for his retirement. It is considered the most architecturally distinctive building in the district.</p><br>
<p>Thomas N. Wheeler Farm, Indian Lake and Taylor roads. Another original 19th century farmhouse, this was later remodeled into more of a village house due to its proximity to the station.</p><br>
<h3>Other properties</h3><br>
<p>Coleman Station Burying Ground, also Oblong Rural Cemetery, Coleman Station Road. Most early residents of the area were buried here. There are approximately 144 stones with the oldest one dating to 1749.</p><br>
<p>Coleman Station site. Southeast corner of Coleman Station Road and Harlem Valley Rail Trail. Now used as parking for rail-trail users.</p><br>
<p>Mutton Hill, Sharon Station Road. In 1865 this former farmhouse became the first country house in the future district.</p><br>
<p>Old Indian Lake Road, along east side of rail trail between Coleman Station Road and present junction of Indian Lake and Taylor roads. The remaining roadbed of the original route prior to the construction of the railroad.</p><br>
<p>Wheeler-Collins Farm, Coleman Station Road. Among the ten contributing resources here is the 1771 English barn that is the district&#39;s oldest building.</p><br>
<p>Dolomiti lucane is a mountain range in the region of Basilicata, southern Italy. Located in the Southern Apennines and dominating the Basento Valley, the range is at the heart of the Gallipoli Cognato Piccole Dolomiti Lucane Regional Park, which also include the Gallipoli-Cognato forest. The range is named "Dolomiti" because of similarities to peaks in the Dolomites in northern Italy. The range was formed 15 million years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Consisting of craggy peaks and shaped by karstic erosion, the range has sharp peaks with an average elevation of 1,000 -. The highest point is Monte Caperrino, also called "Piccole Dolomiti", due to its resemblance to the Dolomite mountains near Venice and Trieste.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The range has a mixture of oak forest and alpine tundra. The tundra is home to unusual plants, such as red valerian, Lunaria annua, and Onosma lucana. Fauna of the range includes wild boar, red kites, swallows, kestrel, ravens, and peregrine falcons.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate of the range is due to its remoteness from the Mediterranean, hence is characteristic of the climate of the other Apennine mountains. Winters are cold, with snow on the ground up to two or three months. Summers are cool and breezy. There is about 1,000 mm of rain per year.</p><br>
<h2>Municipalities</h2><br>
<p>Castelmezzano</p><br>
<p>Pietrapertosa</p><br>
<p>Albano di Lucania</p><br>
<p>Campomaggiore</p><br>
<p>With its 827 m peak the Große Kornberg is the northeast cornerstone of the Fichtel Mountains in south Germany. It forms a wooded ridge, which is recognisable from a long distance by its former military surveillance tower It is also the local house mountain of Schönwald and Schwarzenbach an der Saale.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, granite is the underlying rock. Its lower strata are grainy, but the upper layers contain fine-grained granite. Abandoned quarries are evidence of the ancient craft of stonemasons.</p><br>
<p>The oldest known document dates to 1317 and refers to the mountain as the Kurnberg. According to Professor Dr. Adolf Gütter, in Middle High German Kurn means mill, so it meant mill mountain. On its northwest slopes there was once a village called Mühlhausen but it had been abandoned by the end of the 14th century.</p><br>
<p>The Kornberg itself lacks the imposing rock towers and felsenmeer terrain typical of other mountain peaks in the Fichtelgebirge. However, its secondary summit, the Hirschstein, has many steep, sometimes vertical, rock towers which made the location attractive to the medieval castle of the same name, of which now only a few remnants are left. Moreover, the mountain offers other attractions for the traveller: the Gypsy Rocks (Zigeunersteine) with its logan stone (Wackelstein), and the Schönburg Watchtower (Schönburgwarte) with its good views. In winter the lifts are used by skiers.</p><br>
<h2>The Schönburg Tower</h2><br>
<p>The tower opened in 1954 is not the first structure to have stood on the Kornberg. In autumn 1849, a 70 ft wooden tower with stone base was erected by master carpenter, Ulrich Hallmeyer from Kirchenlamitz, to assist in topographical surveys. 20 men worked for two weeks to build the tower, which cost 460 Gulden. When it fell into ruin, the Fichtelgebirge Section of the German-Austrian Alpine Club (forerunner of the Fichtelgebirge Club) In 1885 a 23-metre-high wooden observation tower (designed by engineer (Baurat) Winnerling of Wunsiedel; executed by master carpenter, Böhringer of Wunsiedel; cost 626 marks; opened on 2 August 1885).</p><br>
<p>The site and the wood required were donated by Princ Ernest of Schönburg-Waldenburg, which is why the structure was given the name Schönburgwarte (Schönburg Watchtower). In March 1897 this wooden tower collapsed, but before the year was out the Fichtelgebirge Club (FGV) decided to build a stone tower. In 1898 the town engineer (Stadtbaurat), Thomas, from Hof, began the planning. Donations were collected, the Alpine Club section of Asch contributing 365 marks and the Vogtländische Tourist Association, 100 marks. Master engineer Luding from Pilgramsreuth was given the contract to build the 19.2-metre-high structure which cost 7,800 marks.</p><br>
<p>On 24 June 1900 the circular stone structure was opened to the public in festive style. It was only a short time, however, before renovation work was needed, because the tower showed serious cracks and had to be reinforced with iron rings. In 1930 part of the battlements had fallen down and the internal staircase had to be repaired. There was not a single year when the Schönburgwarte did not incur repair costs. In 1936 a technical inspection came to the conclusion that the Kornberg tower would have to be replaced due to its dilapidation. On 4 December 1938 the circular tower was demolished for safety reasons. Several months before its demolition the Fichtelgebirge Club began planning a replacement, the Adolf Hitler Tower. However, plans for an early replacement came to nothing as a result of the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>On 30 August 1952 an Association for the Rebuilding of the Kornberg Tower (Verein zum Wiederaufbau des Kornbergturmes) was founded, the funding for the new tower amassed, so that the summit of the Kornberg could once again become a viewing tower. On 23 August 1953 work started (planning: Oberstadtbaurat i. R. Rudorf from Hof; execution: Augsten & Scheuerlein of Hof) On 10 October 1954 about 4000 walkers gathered for the ceremony and the opening of the tower to the public. The rectangular tower with a total height of 26 m and 114 stone steps, cost 62,000 DM, which was found from donations and grants.</p><br>
<p>On 31 May 1959 the Schönburgwarte was officially handed over to the Fichtelgebirge Club when the rebuilding association was disbanded. The surrounding club branches of Marktleuthen, Niederlamitz, Rehau, Schönwald, Schwarzenbach an der Saale, Selb and Selb-Plößberg took over the care of the tower. In 1960 members of the Niederlamitz branch with the support of the firm of Reul-Granit a stone panorama pointer was added to the tower parapet. By the entrance side on the inside of the tower is a large stone tablet with the data on the tower. In 1964, on the 10th anniversary of the tower, it was given a "tower ghost". This is a small man carved in granite, which is located in the tower entrance and carries the inscription "The tower ghost thanks you for your donation" ("Der Turmgeist dankt für Deine Spende").</p><br>
<h2>Ruins of Hirschstein</h2><br>
<p>On the northern path between the station of Kirchenlamitz-Ost and the Kornberg summit lies the rock castle (Felsburg) of Hirschstein. It is the site of a former castle of which only a few remains are still visible.</p><br>
<p>The castle is one of the oldest in the Fichtelgebirge, is believed to have belonged in 1206 to Rüdiger and Utzo von Hirzberg zen Herschenstein (of the family of Hirschberg). However it does not appear in the records until 1317. At that time Count Berthold of Henneberg enfeoffed the hus on the Kurnberg to the five brothers, the Hirzbergers, Herr Heinrich, Fridrich, Arnolt, Eberhart and Heymann and others. Around the middle of the 14th century the castle was destroyed, because in 1361 Burgrave Frederick of Nuremberg allowed the Hirschbergs to rebuild the castle. However, it was never rebuilt. During the Thirty Years&#39; War the ruins and vaults of the old castle were used by the local countryfolk as a refuge. By margravial order the vaults were filled with rubble in the 18th century because gypsies and other shady characters had squatted there.</p><br>
<h2>Gypsy Rocks</h2><br>
<p>The granite rock outcrop known as Gypsy Rocks (Zigeunerfelsen), a fine example of spheroidal weathering, lies on the western slopes of the Kornberg, on the northern path (Nordweg) from Kirchenlamitz-Ost station to the summit. The largest block is about nine metres long, four to seven metres wide and two metres high; it weighs about 250 tonnes. A rock with the name Wackelstein is a rocking stone and can be made to rock with a wooden beam. The area is believed to have offered hordes of gypsies a refuge in times gone by. During the Thirty Years&#39; War the inhabitants of the area took shelter here.</p><br>
<h2>Former Bundeswehr surveillance tower</h2><br>
<p>The Kornberg summit is dominated by the military surveillance tower built in 1973 for the Bundeswehr and taken into service in 1976. During the Cold War it acted as a listening post, picking up military radio traffic by the land forces of the Warsaw Pact. The tower was run by the 946th Signals Company (Fernmeldekompanie 946), which was stationed in Hof/Saale. After the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the former East Germany in 1994 the tower was taken out of service and has since been used by the Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen from Erlangen.</p><br>
<p>Two identical Bundeswehr listening posts stood on elevations along the old eastern border of NATO. These were installations close to the GDR on the Hoher Meißner near Kassel (blown up in 2002) and in the North German Plain on a height of 120 m in Barwedel in Lower Saxony.</p><br>
<p>The Epprechtstein is a mountain in the northern Fichtel Mountains in northeast Bavaria. It is mineralogically the most interesting mountain in the entire Fichtel range. Around the summit there are about 20 quarries, in three of which Epprechtstein granite is quarried. The others are closed and partially overgrown.</p><br>
<h2>Climb</h2><br>
<p>The mountain may be climbed from Buchhaus to the north on one of the Fichtelgebirge Club&#39;s main hiking trails.</p><br>
<h2>Ruins of Epprechtstein Castle</h2><br>
<p>On the treeless summit on a long, steep-sided granite slab stands the ruined castle of Epprechtstein. This is the old tower-like main residence on which a staircase has been built leading to an observation platform. From here there is a panoramic view of the Waldstein ridge, the Großer Kornberg, to Schwarzenbach an der Saale and Oberkotzau as far as Hof, and south to the inner Fichtel Mountains and Kösseine. 250 metres southeast is a service hut belonging to the Kirchenlamitz Mountain Rescue service.</p><br>
<h3>History of the castle</h3><br>
<p>In a deed of gift by Duke Otto II of Merania a certain Eberhardus de Eckebretsteine was mentioned for the first time in 1248. In 1308 King Henry VII enfeoffed the brothers Ulrich, Henry and Nickel, known as the Sacks, with Epprechtstein fortress; the Wilds being co-owners. In 1337 Emperor Louis of Bavaria enfeoffed the bailiff (Vogt) Henry of Plauen with a small part of the fortress. In 1352 the burgraves of Nuremberg stormed the robber castle, and were then granted it as a fief. In 1355/1356 they bought the castle and took full possession of both fortress and the Office (Amt) of Kirchenlamitz. 200 years later the castle was destroyed by troops of Vogt Henry of Plauen and fell into ruin.</p><br>
<h2>Royal visit of 1805</h2><br>
<p>After Prussia had acquired the Margraviate of Bayreuth, its new rulers, King Frederick William III and Queen Louise visited Epprechtstein on 21 June 1805 with a large entourage. The stone table and stone benches, poetically called the Devil&#39;s Table (Teufelstisch), were specially built for the royal party to take luncheon. William III is said to have received the message that Napoleon I and his troops had crossed the Rhine whilst on the Epprechtstein.</p><br>
<h2>Epprechtstein granite labyrinth</h2><br>
<p>In 2009 the town of Kirchenlamitz built a labyrinth of huge granite blocks at the foot of the mountain, near the village of Buchhaus.</p><br>
<p>Alanngorsuaq Fjord, also known as Coppermine Bay , is a fjord in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. At the mouth of the fjord the coastline of southwestern Greenland turns to the east towards Qaqortoq.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Alanngorsuaq Fjord opens towards the west a few miles north of Cape Desolation. The Inner Kitsissut islands lie on the southern side of the mouth of the bay.</p><br>
<p>The fjord is 40 km long, with an east-north-east − west-south-west orientation, opening into the Labrador Sea. There are several oblong, uninhabited islands in the inner part of the fjord, its mouth widening into a 17 km bay at the confluence with the Labrador Sea at approximately 60&deg;53&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 48&deg;19&prime;30&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>The shores of the fjord are uninhabited. Arsuk is the closest settlement, located just beyond the border with the Sermersooq municipality, approximately 30 km to the north of the fjord mouth.</p><br>
<p>The fjord marked the southern limit of the former Frederikshåb District, now Paamiut. It was named Coppermine Bay after a pioneer mining operation in Southwestern Greenland at the beginning of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Caracol Falls, or Cascata do Caracol, is a 426-foot  waterfall about 4.35 mi from Canela, Brazil in Caracol State Park . It is formed by the Caracol River and cuts out of basalt cliffs in the Serra Geral mountain range, falling into the Vale da Lageana. The falls are situated between the pinheiral  zone of the Brazilian Highlands and the southern coastal Atlantic Forest. The base of the waterfall can be reached by a steep 927-step trail maintained by the Projeto Lobo-Guará.</p><br>
<p>Waterfall has formed on the basalt rocks of Serra Geral formation and has two cascades. Upper cascade is located approximately 100 m before the second cascade, which falls over an overhanging cliff ledge.</p><br>
<p>Caracol Falls has long attracted visitors and is the second most popular natural tourist attraction in Brazil, trailing only Iguazu Falls. In 2009, it received more than 289,000 visitors. There is a nearby 100-foot observation tower that offers an elevator and a panoramic view, as well as a cable car that gives tourists an aerial view of the waterfall.</p><br>
<p>The area also provides a restaurant and craft stalls.</p><br>
<p>New York Central Railroad Passenger Station is a former railroad station in Syracuse, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 11, 2009. The former station currently is the home to Spectrum&#39;s Central New York operations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The passenger station, the third of ultimately four stations built by the New York Central Railroad to serve Syracuse was built in 1936 when the railroad tracks that previously went through the city of Syracuse via Washington Street at grade with pedestrians and automobiles were elevated above city streets, is of Art Deco design. Both the station and the new elevated route opened for business on September 24, 1936.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, after the purchase of the rail right of way near the station by New York State for the construction of Interstate 690 facilitating a new route for passenger trains through Syracuse New York Central Railroad moved to a smaller station in East Syracuse, New York. The construction of the highway immediately behind the former station led to the demolition of all its train platforms with the exception of the one connected to the building and the one farthest from the building. The interior of the terminal was used as a Midtown Motors car dealership in the late 1950s to early 1960s. Greyhound used it a bus terminal from 1964 until a fire in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The passenger building was renovated from 2001 to 2003 by Time Warner Cable both to serve as their main office for their central New York operations, and as the Syracuse bureau/studios for Spectrum News Central New York, a role it continues to currently serve. In 2016, New York State announced plans to restore one of the remaining station platforms visible by drivers on Interstate 690. The platform located across the highway from the station.</p><br>
<p>Ashton Villa is a fully restored, historic home located on the corner of 24th and Broadway in Galveston, Texas, United States. Constructed in 1859, it was one of the first brick structures in Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On January 7, 1859, Colonel James Moreau Brown, a prominent hardware merchant and banker, purchased four lots at the corner of 24th and Broadway in Galveston, on which to build a home. Referencing architectural pattern books current at the time, he modified several plans to design his future home. Using slave labor and skilled European craftsmen, Brown proceeded to build one of the first brick structures in Texas.</p><br>
<p>The three-story house was built in Victorian Italianate style, with deep eaves, long windows and ornate verandas that were topped by lintels made of cast iron. The brick walls were made thirteen inches thick, to help protect against humidity and add strength to the structure. The interior of the home was laid out and designed around a central hall floor plan. Brown&#39;s wife, Rebecca Ashton, named the home in honor of one of her ancestors, Lt. Isaac Ashton, a hero in the USA Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<h3>Civil War</h3><br>
<p>The house was completed in 1861. When the American Civil War began, the home became the headquarters for the Confederate Army and served in that capacity for the entire war, except for a brief period in the fall of 1862. In the fall of 1862, Galveston was surrendered to the Union Army, which made Ashton Villa their headquarters. The Union&#39;s occupation was short lived, however, as Galveston was re-taken by the Confederates during the Battle of Galveston in January 1863.</p><br>
<h4>Fall of the confederacy</h4><br>
<p>On June 19, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger and 2,000 federal troops arrived in Galveston, Texas, to take possession of the state and enforce the emancipation of its slaves. While standing on the balcony of Ashton Villa, Granger read the contents of “General Order No. 3”:</p><br>
<h4>Juneteenth</h4><br>
<p>June 19 has since become known as Juneteenth, a portmanteau of the words June and nineteenth.</p><br>
<p>Former slaves in Galveston rejoiced in the streets with jubilant celebrations. Juneteenth celebrations began in Texas the following year. Across many parts of Texas, freed people pooled their funds to purchase land specifically for their communities’ increasingly large Juneteenth gatherings — including Houston’s Emancipation Park, Mexia’s Booker T. Washington Park, and Emancipation Park in Austin.</p><br>
<h3>1900 storm</h3><br>
<p>Brown died in 1895, just five years before the 1900 hurricane devastated Galveston. However the house, with its thick brick walls, managed to withstand the storms winds and infamous storm surge, while serving as shelter to Browns widow and children. In the storm&#39;s aftermath and grade raising of the city, its basement was filled in with sand, and the surrounding grounds were topped with two feet of soil.</p><br>
<h3>Recent</h3><br>
<p>The home was sold in 1927 to the El Mina Shrine masonic order. Making very little changes to the building, the house served as their business offices and meeting hall until 1970, at which point it was put up for sale. Under the threat of demolition, the Galveston Historical Foundation raised $125,000 to purchase Ashton Villa. With additional funding from local foundations and the government, the process of restoring and refurnishing home began. Much of the original furniture and art was able to be retrieved, and the decision was made to open the home as a House Museum. On July 25, 1974, the Galveston Historical Foundation opened the home to the public to serve as a House Museum, visitors center and a place for special functions.</p><br>
<p>Receiving more than 18 inches of water in 2008 during Hurricane Ike, the first floor is recently restored. The Villa is not open for public tours, but the first floor is available for rental.</p><br>
<p>Ashton Villa is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Elmer Thomas Lake is a lake in Comanche County in the state of Oklahoma in the United States. It is located on the boundary between the Wichita Mountain Wildlife Refuge and Fort Sill military base. The lake is named for an Oklahoma lawyer and politician, Elmer Thomas , who lived in Lawton and represented Oklahoma&#39;s 6th Congressional District in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1922 until 1926, then was elected as USA Senator, where he served until 1950.</p><br>
<p>The lake has a stream source from Little Medicine Creek, encompasses 334 acre, and primarily serves as a recreation area.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Lake Elmer Thomas Recreation Area (LETRA) which is on the Fort Sill military base, provides camping areas, cabins, a swim beach, water slides, picnic areas, boating ramps and boat rentals. On the refuge side of the lake, there are two fishing piers and a boating ramp.</p><br>
<p>The National Exchange Hotel  is located in Nevada City in the USA state of California. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places and a California Historical Landmark, it is one of the oldest continuously operated hotels west of the Rockies. It opened in August 1856 under the name of "Bicknell Block".</p><br>
<p>In 1863, there was a fire and the hotel was shut down for a temporary period of time. By 1894, a new balcony had been added to the hotel (pictured). At a civic affair in San Francisco a Nevada City businessman, John J. Jackson, claimed that a meeting that took place in 1898 at the National Hotel was the creation of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. In 2012, the hotel was the subject of an episode of Ghost Adventures.</p><br>
<p>__FORCETOC__</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Raphael De Lamar House is a mansion located at 233 Madison Avenue at the corner of 37th Street in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1902-05 and was designed by C. P. H. Gilbert in the Beaux-Arts style. The De Lamar Mansion marked a stark departure from Gilbert&#39;s traditional style of French Gothic architecture and was instead robustly Beaux-Arts, heavy with rusticated stonework, balconies and a colossal mansard roof. The mansion is the largest in Murray Hill and one of the most spectacular in the city; the interiors are as lavish as the exterior.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Raphael De Lamar was a Dutch-born merchant seaman who made his first fortune in mining and metallurgy during the 1870s-80s silver-lead rushes to Colorado and Idaho, and 1890s gold strikes at Mercur, Utah and Delamar, Nevada. He had this residence built as his entrée into New York society. It was to be a family residence, but soon after it was built De Lamar and his wife divorced. The 1910 census taker found De Lamar in residence with his daughter Alice, by then 15, and nine servants, a typical ratio for the time. De Lamar died eight years later in 1918 at the age of 75. His obituary in The Boston Daily Globe described him as a "man of mystery" and an accomplished organist. He left an estate worth $29 million to his daughter, who continued living in the house for a short time before moving to an apartment at 740 Park Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was sold to the American Bible Society, and in 1923 the National Democratic Club purchased it for its headquarters. In 1973, the Republic of Poland bought the mansion for $900,000 to house its Consulate General in New York. The building has been thoroughly cleaned and renovated inside and retains all of its many period features. Since 2008 the consulate has also been regularly illuminated at night.</p><br>
<p>The De Lamar Mansion was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1975, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Mynydd Cilfach-yr-encil  attains a height of 445m at OS grid reference SO 079033 making it the high point of the broad ridge of high ground between Taff Vale  and Cwm Bargod in the Valleys region of South Wales. It lies within the unitary area of Merthyr Tydfil.</p><br>
<p>The ridge is elsewhere known as Cefn Merthyr; the flat-topped Mynydd y Capel (OS grid ref SO 083008) is a significant subsidiary summit which reaches a height of 375m some 2.5 km to the south of the high point. The ridge falls away to the south to the confluence of the Bargod Taf with the River Taff at Treharris. To the north the ridge broadens out into Merthyr Common, an area heavily altered by opencast coalmining.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The entire hill is composed of sandstones and mudstones dating from the Carboniferous Period. There are also numerous coal seams within the sequence, most of which have been worked. The upper part of the hill including the summit plateau is formed from the Pennant Sandstone, a rock assigned to the Carboniferous Upper Coal Measures.</p><br>
<p>The flanks of the hill owe their steepness in part to the action of glacial ice during the succession of ice ages. There is a major landslip on the western flanks of the hill above Troedyrhiw. The back wall of this slip is known as Craig y Pwll. Its toe lies under the community of Mountpleasant. Numerous quarries and levels have been driven into the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Significant parts of the hill are moorland and have been mapped as open country under the CRoW Act thus giving a right of access to walkers. There are no recorded public footpaths or other public rights of way over the hill though numerous paths and tracks exist on the ground.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Franklin Coppess House, built in 1882, is a historic Queen Anne and Stick-Eastlake style house located at 209 Washington Street in Greenville, Ohio, United States. the roof is asphalt, and minor elements of stone are also visible. A large enclosed porch and a veranda wrap around the "lower" portion of the "T", which faces the street, while above and behind the porch, placed at the base of the "T", sits a large bay window. The porch is among the most significant components of the building, due to elements such as exquisitely detailed arches formed of tiny spindles, which sprout from columns meant to resemble massive table legs; one must walk under one such arch to use the porchs main entrance, located on one of its corners, and three more such arches are placed on the front and on the side to either side of the entrance. Small gables are placed over the porchs main entrance and a subsidiary one, decorated with small sculptures, both carven and molded.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Coppess House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture; it is one of two such houses on Washington Street, along with the Leftwich House elsewhere in the same block. As well as its distinctive porch, the house is historically significant because of a bathroom — it is believed to have been the first Greenville building with a flush toilet. Its builder, Benjamin Coppess, was a farmer and local government official in Darke County and the grandson of one of the county&#39;s earliest pioneers.</p><br>
<p>The Northern Glass Cone is a 19th-century structure formerly used in the glass manufacturing process at Alloa Glass Works in the burgh of Alloa, the administrative centre of the central Scottish council area of Clackmannanshire. The brick-built cone is the only such structure to survive in Scotland, and is one of four in the United Kingdom: the other three are at Lemington on Tyneside, Catcliffe in South Yorkshire and Wordsley in the West Midlands. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alloa Glass Works was established in 1750 by Lady Frances Erskine. Workers were trained by craftsmen from Bohemia (in the present-day Czech Republic), who also oversaw the construction of the first glass cone on the site. This structure was 90 ft tall.</p><br>
<p>By 1825, the Edinburgh Glasgow and Alloa Glass Company owned the site; they built another three cones, of which the Northern cone, 79 ft high, was one. (Its immediate neighbour was correspondingly known as the Southern cone.) The base was octagonal, rather than circular, and had arched entrances. The main body of the cone was of brick laid in English Bond formation. The original cone and one other were demolished before the 1960s, but the Southern cone survived until 1968. At the same time, the Northern cone regained its original appearance when some later additions were removed.</p><br>
<h2>Purpose</h2><br>
<p>Although glassmaking is an ancient process, it was carried out on a small scale until the development of industrialised methods in Europe allowed it to be mass-produced. The fusion of silica and sodium oxide in a furnace was usually achieved by the burning of wood; but coal was often used instead in Britain, which prompted the development of the glass cone. Glass cones consisted of a large central furnace, a flue to carry waste gas to the top of the structure and away, smaller furnaces around the walls to ensure the finished products stayed warm, and a circular platform on which workers stood while making their glassware. Although invented earlier, they became commonplace in the early 19th century; but further innovations in the glassmaking industry made the float glass production method more efficient and allowed manufacture to be based in fewer but larger works. Most cones were knocked down after they fell out of use, and by the mid-1970s only four survived: the Alloa cone (the only example in Scotland), Catcliffe Glass Cone in South Yorkshire, Lemington Glass Cone in Tyne and Wear, and Red House Cone in Wordsley, West Midlands.</p><br>
<h2>Historic status</h2><br>
<p>On 10 November 1975, the structure was given the status of a scheduled ancient monument in accordance with the Ancient Monuments Acts of 1913 and 1931. It is one of 17 scheduled ancient monuments in Clackmannanshire.</p><br>
<p>The Anna Beir House, built in 1865 by Conrad Beir, is an historic two-story redbrick house located at 214 East 4th Street in Greenville, Ohio. Miss Anna Beir was a longtime art teacher in Greenville, who devised the house to the city of Greenville upon her death in the 1930s. It was used by the Greenville Art Guild for many years until a fire in the 1970s. A gallery in the Greenville Carnegie Library is named for Miss Beir. On April 11, 1977, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>When he built the house, Conrad Beir was simultaneously serving as the pastor of the German Methodist Church in Greenville and in business as a tailor. His daughter Anna was born in the house in 1873, and it remained her residence until her death in 1939. The house is a plain brick structure built in a simple rectangular shape, two stories tall; the gabled facade is divided into three bays. Set on a stone foundation, the brick house is topped with a metal roof and features miscellaneous stone elements; it is typical of middle-class residences of the period. For much of her life, Beir was a prominent educator; her thirty-six-year tenure in the city schools gave her a high reputation both locally and in the wider region. Although multiple colleges attempted to win her away, her dedication to Greenville and her influence on the city&#39;s residents prompted her to decline all such requests in favor of remaining with her native city.</p><br>
<p>La Grille is a volcano in the Comoros archipelago on the island of Grande Comore .</p><br>
<p>La Grille is a shield volcano at the northern end of island and lacks a summit caldera like its larger and more well-known neighbour to the south, Karthala volcano. The basaltic La Grille volcano also differs from Karthala in its abundance of pyroclastic cones up to 800m in height. The cones were erupted along fissures running parallel to the summit ridge, which has an irregular profile and is elongated in a N-S direction, and from radial fissures that reach as far as the coast. Recent lava flows, some possibly as young as a few hundred years, have reached the sea from fissures on the lower western, northern, and eastern flanks.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>La Grille is located on the island of Grande Comore, a northern island of the Comoros archipelago in the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. The volcano is abutted on the south by Karthala, another volcano rising to 2361 meters. A road around the coast of Grande Comore runs along the east, north and west sides of La Grille, connecting Prince Said Ibrahim Airport to the west of the island. Many villages are located near the coast and on the volcano, where there are also electricity pylons.</p><br>
<p>La Grille appears as a mountain range running from north to south, reaching a slag height of 800 meters on average, and covered in stratovolcano cones, giving the volcano a maximum altitude of 1087 meters. Unlike its neighbour Karthala, La Grille does not have caldera. Different eruptive vents are located along the fissures that run along the volcano from north to south, parallel to the ridge of the mountain, and other cracks along the coast. Lava basalt sometimes escapes from these eruptive vents, sometimes reaching the sea to the east, north and west sides of the volcano. Many lava flows are still visible as few are rapidly recolonized by tropical Coconut trees on the island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although the exact date of the last eruption of La Grille is unknown, lava flows covering its sides and not yet recolonized by vegetation suggest that the volcano last erupted only a few hundred years ago.</p><br>
<p>Monte Pelpi is a mountain 1,495 metres  high located in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines in northern Italy. The mountain overlooks the towns of Bedonia to the south and Bardi to the north, and rises like a cone between the Taro, Toncina and Ceno valleys. The vegetation is very diverse with forests consisting of beech, oak, hazel, hornbeam and black aspen and includes rare species of arnicas, orchid, daffodils, gentian, daphne and anemones. The forest gives way to a 1 km stretch of grassland at the summit on which stands a large steel cross. It is said that the mountain protects the towns of Bedonia and Compiano from the cold northern winds during winter. The view from this peak exceeds that of the taller Monte Penna nearby and it offers an extraordinary panorama of both valleys and the other peaks of the Liguran-Emilian Apennines, ranging from Monte Penna, Monte Tomarlo, Monte Maggiorasca, Monte Ragola. On clear days it is possible to observe the Mediterranean Sea.</p><br>
<p>Sambuceto and Strela are two small villages that are located along one of the roads that wind across the mountain. The area is notorious for massacres committed by the Nazis during World War II in retaliation for the intense partisan activity. Around Monte Pelpi are the villages of: Ca Scapini, Farfanaro, Caprile, Costa Agucchia, Pian dellAsse, Costa di Cereseto, Pareto di Credarola, Credarola, Granelli, Lago Lobbia, Pilati, Monti, Castagna, Ceio, Libbia, Masanti di Sotto, Masanti di Sopra, Cavignaga, Capella Carpana, Sambuceto, Belli (Hydro Electric Power station.)</p><br>
<p>Pelpi is known for its crystal clear spring water which has an alkaline-sulphurous quality and is renowned for its healing properties. There are many streams that run through the slopes of the mountain, and the mineral water which flows from the north-western slope is bottled in plants at Masanti. The beneficial qualities of these waters were quoted by the early 19th century travel writer Captain Antonio Boccia as "commended for curing many ills of those who bathe in its waters." The Milanese poet Francesco Piccinelli also wrote in his description of the Taro and Ceno Valleys (1617) "drinking the water, heals all conditions of the throat." During 2009 there was a dispute between a committee of locals and the mineral water company, who were concerned that the company would drain the aquifers within the mountain causing the supply to run dry for the personal consumption of the Masanti residents. Every year in mid-August there is an organised hike up Monte Pelpi, as part of the "festa di San Gioacchino" (festival dedicated to Saint Joachim,) held in the nearby rural village of Cavignaga.</p><br>
<h2>The cross</h2><br>
<p>There is a large steel cross standing 22 m high, built on 16 October 1955 at the summit. This steel cross replaces a wooden cross in the same location which was built earlier in the 20th century. The cross was the initiative of Bishop Renato Costa, and the former alumni of the seminary of Bedonia. Costa instigated the search to find appropriate funding and resources for the project. In 1953, his unerring instinct led him to the famous Falck steelworks at Sesto San Giovanni (Milan.) The lattice structure was donated by the Falck family in memory of the company&#39;s founder Enrico Falck, who died some time before. Today it is still one of the tallest crosses placed on any mountain, 22 meters tall and 4 metric tons in weight. In celebration of its fiftieth anniversary, a plaque has been replaced which was an identical copy of the lost original 1955 plaque, that commemorated the construction and benefactors. The inscription, translated from the original Italian, reads:</p><br>
<p>The Avery Homestead is a two-story Colonial-style home in Ledyard, Connecticut that was built circa 1696. Evidence suggests that the house may have begun as a single-story, one-room house and later expanded to a two-story, two-room house by 1726. The house underwent major additions and renovations by Theophilus Avery and later his grandson, Theophilus Avery. In the mid-1950s, Amos Avery began a decade-long restoration effort to return the house to its 18th-century appearance. The Avery Homestead is historically significant as a well-preserved example of an 18th-century farmhouse with fine craftsmanship. The home is also historically important because more than twelve generations of the Avery family have resided there over the course of three centuries. The Avery Homestead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Avery Homestead is located on the west side of Ledyard, Connecticut and faces south on Avery Hill Road. The house overlooks 100 acres (40.46 hectares) of stone-walled pasture land that extends south to Stoddards Wharf Road. The two-story house has a shed to the immediate east and a two-story barn to the southeast. Past the barn is a farm pond that is located in a small valley formed by Billings-Avery Brook. The brook extends west for a mile (about 1.6 km) before joining the Thames River.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Avery Homestead is a two-story Colonial-style house that is believed to have been originally constructed around 1696. The main block of the house is built in the double cube of the Georgian style. It is unknown if the house originally began as a one-room one-story house with the original structure having been on the current east-end of the main block. The expansion and alteration of houses in this way was common in Ledyard and tool markings and different fenestration patterns are supporting evidence for this theory. The strongest evidence is the pitsaw marks found on the chimney girts in the hall and parlor, exposed framing and sheathing has markings consistent with a water-powered up-and-down saw. It is certain that the house had achieved its two-story and two-room appearance by 1726 due to its parlor being used as a meeting room for church services. Further evidence in the construction of the fireplace flues which indicates that the main block of the house was completed prior to the American Revolution. Around 1780, the main house was extended by 5 ft in the rear during a two-story addition that gives the house a slight saltbox appearance. This changes were made while under the ownership of Theophilus Avery. Around 1870, under the ownership Theophilus Avery&#39;s grandson, also Theophilus Avery, the original kitchen ell was removed from the building and became a separate building to the east of the house. The new and present ell that was constructed served as an open shed until 1965 when it was converted to a shop and office.</p><br>
<p>The framing of the house is unusual because it has "longitudinal summer beams extending from the end girts to the chimney girts in both the hall and the parlor. Corner and intermediate posts are flared in gunstock pattern. The walls are sheathed with vertical planking except in the attic gables, where the planks are laid horizontally, alternating the taper. Framing is cased in the parlor and exposed in the hall, where the summers are adzed and roughly chamfered." The attic construction is conventional with equally spaced rafters that have mortise and tenon joints at the ridge. This type of construction indicates that the conventional principal rafter or purlin framing may not have been used in Ledyard during that time.</p><br>
<p>The low granite block foundation of the house is more exposed on the west side of the house, allowing for a full-height door exiting from the cellar. The stone stack supports four fireplaces that each support the hall, hall chamber, parlor and the cellar. Also there is a smoke chamber in the stack in the attic. The original kitchen, now in the hall, features a large fireplace with bake oven in the rear wall of the firebox. The attic once housed a large loom that was later moved down to the west side of the cellar. Amos G. Avery, who owned and restored the house prior to its 1992 National Register of Historic Places listing, removed a 1871 Victorian balustrade on the front staircase installed by the second Theophilus Avery.</p><br>
<p>The main barn is oriented on a north–south axis and has a conventional bent framing and sheathed with vertical boards. It is believed that the addition of a cupola with a hip roof may have been a later addition to the barn. Photos dating from 1870 confirm its age, but the date of construction for the barn cannot be determined, but it may date from the 18th century. The former ell of the house was converted in a shed and dates to around 1780.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>More than twelve generations of the Avery family have resided in the Avery Homestead. The original house was constructed about 1696 by William Morgan, around the time of his marriage to Margaret Avery. The two were descendents of James Morgan and James Avery respectively. The house passed to Deacon William Morgan Jr. who used the house to conduct church services from 1726, when North Groton became a separate parish, and lasted until the completion of a meetinghouse. Deacon William Morgan Jr. sold the house to John Wood in 1745. Nine years would pass before it would be reacquired by the Avery family in 1754. Theophilus Avery, the first, owned the house from 1757 to 1798. The second Theophilus Avery possessed the house from 1852 to 1880.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, Amos Avery donated 100 acres of land to the Mashantucket Land Trust and kept the surrounding 40 acres. Amos Avery also restored the house to a "more or less" 18th-century appearance through a decade-long restoration effort. The restoration effort began in the mid-1950s when he poked a hole in the ceiling and felt the molding, spurring his desire to see what was underneath. The ceiling was removed and the room was restored and then it moved to the next room. Avery removed plaster off the fireplaces, replaced the wide floor boards and replicated the wainscotting. Upon Amos Avery&#39;s death in July 1998, aged 96, the house passed to his oldest son Edward. Many historical artifacts were put up for auction, including 12 wicker baskets of Mohegan or Pequot origin, which were bid on by the Mashantucket Pequot Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>The Avery Homestead is historically significant as a "rare survival of a late-seventeenth and early eighteenth-century farmstead, a significance enhanced by the exceptional integrity of its rural setting. The picturesque interrelationship of the house, farmyard, and outbuildings, which is set off by the broad sweep of the associated pasture and crop land, is especially evocative of eighteenth-century lifeways." Believed to be the oldest building in Ledyard, the Avery Homestead is marked by its fine craftsmanship and state of preservation. The Avery Homestead is also historically important due to its ties to the Avery family. The Avery family has owned the house for three centuries save for a brief nine-year period, from 1745 to 1754. The Avery Homestead was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Plaque</h2><br>
<p>A historical plaque awarded to Avery indicates that it is the oldest house in Ledyard and states its date from 1720, but evidence suggests it to be older. This plaque was part of a statewide funded campaign by the State of Connecticut for the 350th anniversary of the state&#39;s founding. Disagreements over the program were widespread due to the difficulty in dating the homes by craftsmanship and the lack of documentation to prove it. Ledyard recognized the Avery Homestead because of the documentation possessed by Amos G. Avery.</p><br>
<p>The Felix M. Warburg House is a mansion located on 1109 Fifth Avenue and 92nd Street in the Upper East Side in New York City. Today the Jewish Museum of New York is housed there.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The six-story mansion, built in 1908 to designs by the architect C. P. H. Gilbert, was constructed for the philanthropist Felix M. Warburg (d.1937). The style is a revival of early French Renaissance architecture from the period Francois I.</p><br>
<p>Warburg purchased from Perry Belmont a lot that measured 100 feet along Fifth Avenue, but required Gilbert to cover only half of it with his house, permitting a side lawn fifty feet across on the avenue. When it was completed, Warburgs father-in-law Jacob Schiff feared that it was ostentatious and would incite envy and anti-semitism. The Warburgs specified that they were pleased with Harry Sinclairs house and would like something similar, with details likewise drawn from the Late Gothic Hôtel de Cluny, Paris.</p><br>
<p>His widow Frieda Schiff Warburg had tried to donate the house to a cultural institute but failed and finally sold the mansion in 1941 to developer Henry Kaufman and the architect Emery Roth, who intended to redevelop the site into an eighteen-story apartment building. After the developers&#39; plans fell through, the mansion reverted to Mrs. Warburg.</p><br>
<p>In January 1944, she donated the family mansion as a permanent home for the Jewish Museum, which opened to the public in May 1947. The building was expanded in 1963 and again in 1993 with a discrete mid-block addition by Kevin Roche that blends seamlessly with Gilbert&#39;s original French Renaissance design.</p><br>
<p>Major John André Monument, also known as the Site of Major John André&#39;s Hanging and Burial, is a historic monument located at Tappan in Rockland County, New York. It is a gray granite monument erected in 1879 and approximately 40 inches square and 58 inches tall. It is located in a circular plot approximately 31 feet in diameter. It commemorates the site of the hanging of Major John André on October 2, 1780. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The monument was constructed in 1879 by millionaire Cyrus W. Field. It was dedicated on October 2, 1879.</p><br>
<p>The monument caused quite a bit of controversy when it was first constructed. It was vandalized, and then had its base blown up twice by persons who felt that a monument to a British spy was an insult to George Washington. For this reason a bronze tablet was later added to commemorate the bravery of Washington and his generals during a crisis of the war.</p><br>
<p>There were three attempts to destroy the monument:</p><br>
<p>On February 22, 1882, the monument was hacked and mutilated by George Hendrix, of New York City.</p><br>
<p>On March 30, 1882 at 11:35 PM, an explosion slightly damaged the monument.</p><br>
<p>On November 3, 1885 at 10:00 PM, an explosion destroyed the iron fence surrounding the monument and toppled the monument.</p><br>
<p>After Cyrus Field&#39;s death, his heirs refused to pay the taxes of $6.38 on the property. George Dickey of Nyack bought the land in a tax auction in October 1895. Mr. Dickey sold the land to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society for $250 on November 13, 1905. After the Society disbanded in 1983, the property was conveyed to Rockland County NY.</p><br>
<p>Major John Andre Monument, Tappan, NY - main view.jpg</p><br>
<p>Yorktown Heights Railroad Station is a former railroad station on the Putnam Line in Yorktown Heights, New York, United States. It is a wooden building located on Commerce Street at the intersection of Underhill Avenue in Railroad Park.</p><br>
<p>The station was originally built in 1877 by the New York, Westchester and Putnam Railway along a line originally installed by the New York and Boston Railroad that is today a rail trail. It is one of the only three left in Westchester County, and one of only two in that scale and style. In 1981, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the only property listed in the town.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The station is located in a small park in the center of Yorktown. The railroad&#39;s right-of-way, now the North County Trailway, runs just to its south. It is paved in pink stone, with a connection to the base of the station.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a small one-story frame structure. It is sided in board and batten on the lower half of its facades and clapboard above. A combination of vertical dividers between sections and a horizontal course over the water table give it a half-timber effect. The roof, with deep bracketed overhangs, is both gabled and hipped, covered in shingles.</p><br>
<p>Bays project on the west and south. The windows, currently boarded on the inside, have plain wood surrounds. A brick chimney rises on the north (rear).</p><br>
<p>Inside the building is divided into two spaces, a waiting room (including the ticket office) on the south and baggage room in the north. The former has floor-to-ceiling oak paneling, oak floors, benches, with deep brackets on the ticket room cornice as well as the shelf at the window. A double Dutch door leads to the baggage room, where a bathroom has been created by partitioning.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two prominent citizens of Yorktown, Edward Underhill and Charles Whitney, brought what was then the New York and Boston Railroad to the town in 1872. The station and a store were built five years later. By the 1880s the railroad station was the center of town, surrounded by five stores, a school, a hotel, two locksmiths, a wheelwright and two churches. The line and the station were later acquired by New York Central Railroad in 1894 when it took over the Old Put. In 1902 it acquired land and built a coach yard, an engine service facility. It was a site of the connection to the Mohansic Branch to Mohansic State Hospital, now the site of Franklin D. Roosevelt State Park, until 1917.</p><br>
<p>The station was closed in 1958, a year before passenger service was abandoned along the Putnam Line. Freight service was abandoned in 1962 between East Falls and Mahopac. The town bought the station in 1966 as part of its urban renewal efforts. Initially the plan was to relocate it for use as a bus station, but in 1975 that was changed. It remained on site and was restored with the intent of using it as a museum and office of the local Chamber of Commerce. As of today, it remains unused.</p><br>
<p>The Lambert-Parent House is a historic house in the village of Union City, Ohio, United States. Built in 1881, it was initially the home of George Lambert, who founded multiple major businesses in Union City and participated in the automobile manufacturing firm founded by his brother John. Built of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof, it is a fine example of the Italianate style of architecture and one of the most prominent structures in Union City. Among its most distinctive architectural elements are its ornate cornices and its tall, narrow windows.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places both because of its well-preserved architecture and its connection to George Lambert. The name "Lambert-Parent" is derived from its builder and from the Parent family, who were business associates and his relatives by marriage.</p><br>
<p>The Terre Haute Post Office and Federal Building is a historic structure in Terre Haute, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>The first post office and federal building at this site opened in 1887. When this building was demolished in 1933, work began on the current structure. (The columns and pediment from the first post office now make up part of the Chauncey Rose Memorial in Terre Haute&#39;s Fairbanks Park.) The current building was funded as Public Work Project under the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>The three-story Art Deco-style post office was built 1934 to the designs of Terre Haute-based architects Miller & Yeager for the cost of around $450,000. Completed on December 1, 1934, the building opened to the public in 1935. It originally was home to the post office, the Social Security Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service and the federal court. The federal courtroom features a mural by Frederick Webb Ross titled "The Signing of the Magna Carta."</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the GSA turned over the facility to Indiana State; following a $30-million dollar, multi-year renovation; the building became the new home of the Indiana State University Scott College of Business. The first classes were held during the Fall 2012 semester.</p><br>
<p>Monte Accellica is a mountain in the Monti Picentini range, located in Campania, Italy. The mountain is 1660 metres  tall, and is situated on the border between the provinces of Salerno and Avellino, divided between the comuni of Acerno, Giffoni Valle Piana, and Montella. Several rivers typical of the region have their sources on the slopes of Monte Accellica, including the Picentino, the Tusciano, and the Calore Irpino, which is itself the largest tributary of the Volturno. In the local dialects, the mountain is called Céleca  or Acéleca .</p><br>
<p>Monte Accellica is located within the Terminio Cervialto Mountain Community, as well as Monti Picentini Regional Park. Part of the southern face of the mountain is included in the Oasi Monte Accellica natural reserve, managed by WWF Italia.</p><br>
<p>Bulgheria is a 1,225 m mountain in the southern Cilento region of the Province of Salerno, in the Campania region, of southern Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is part of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park. The peak is near the southern Cilentan Coast in the municipalities of Celle di Bulgheria and Camerota, near San Giovanni a Piro and Roccagloriosa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Its name comes from the Bulgarian settlers, who settled here before the year 500, in the town of Celle di Bulgheria which stands on its slopes to the east side.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is also known as the "sleeping lioness", because it looks like a huge lion resting with his eyes turned towards the east, and then the locals like to think it&#39;s a lion that is there to protect them.</p><br>
<p>Monte Molaro is a mountain between the towns of Campania and Olevano Romano in Picentini Regional Park and is part of the Picentini mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Calcareous-dolomite, together with Monte Ripalta, Raione Monte, and Monte Costa Warm forms the watershed between the basins of the river Tusciano to the west and the river Tenza to the east. The mountain is covered by forests of oak, chestnut, rates while the top is occupied by prairie.</p><br>
<h2>Paths</h2><br>
<p>From San Donato of Eboli, through a country road, you can reach the plateau above the mountain, then the mountain Ripalta Molaro. By country, along the path departing from the neighborhood Zappino, reached the summit of Mount Ripalta, you can continue until you reach the summit of Raione and Molaro. On the top is the Casone Melaina, a haven of service of the woodcutter.</p><br>
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<p>Monte Solaro is a mountain on the island of Capri in Campania, Italy. With an elevation of 589 m, its peak is the highest point of Capri.</p><br>
<p>&#39;It contains the "Fortino di Bruto", a blockhouse which was used in battles between Britain and France in the early 19th century. It is characterised by its "sheer dolomitic slopes" which form an "unsurpassable partition" between the eastern and western sides of the island. Marina Grande lies at the foot of the mountain. It became popular with painters due to its "romantic situation, affording extensive and beautiful views to the NW of the Tyrrhenian sea, the gulf of Naples". Up the mount there is a statue of Emperor Augustus who first landed on Capri.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and Topography</h2><br>
<p>Monte Solaro (Mount Solaro) is formed from the same limestone that the island is also composed of.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>The area around Monte Solaro is inhabited by over 900 species of vegetation.</p><br>
<p>At higher altitudes, one might find acanthus, arbutus, heather, juniper, broom, ilex, lentisk, litosperma, myrtle and smilace. At lower altitudes, one might find laurels, rock-roses, strawberry trees, Daphne shrubs, Pistacia lentiscus (Mastic), myrtles, narcissus, orchids, and pines and the Lithodora Rosmarinifolia.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The mountain is also visited by many species of birds, including peregrine falcons.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>The summit is accessible by walking without too much difficulty by either the passetiello or a path that starts from Axel Munthe.</p><br>
<p>Both routes are suitable for walkers in decent physical condition. Notable sites include the Eremo di Santa Maria a Cetrella for its architecture, and the remains of the Fortino di Bruto, a military fort built during the Napoleonic Wars.</p><br>
<p>From the top of Monte Visto, one can see both the gulfs of Napoli and Salerno.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Monte Solaro has a typical mediterranean climate, but with colder winters because of the high altitude.</p><br>
